Medication Formulations & Administrations

Question 1

What does PO stand for?

Answer 1

PO - Abbreviation for oral

Question 2

What are the purposes of excipients in a medication dosage form?

Answer 2

-Preservation
-Improve solubility,
-Improve flavoring/taste,
-Bulking
-Molding

Question 3

What is a tablet?

Answer 3

Tablet - Solid dosage form that is formed as a mold with the active drug and other inactive ingredients

Question 4

What are the potential routes of administration of tablets?

Answer 4

Oral, buccal, sublingual, vaginal

Question 5

What are the potential coatings of tablets?

Answer 5

Film or sugar coating to mask taste, Enteric coating to prolong the dissolution of the tablet in the GI tract

Question 6

What is a capsule?

Answer 6

Capsule - Hard gelatin shell enclosing drug in either a powder, granule, or liquid form

Question 7

What are effervescent tablets?

Answer 7

Effervescent tablets - Dissolve in liquid prior to administering

Question 8

What is the purpose of extended release forms of tablets/capsules?

Answer 8

More prolonged absorption of the medication to extend its effect, Reduce dosing frequency, Minimize side effects

Question 9

What are the potential names and abbreviations for extended release products?

Answer 9

-Extended Release (ER, XR, XL), –Delayed Release (DR),
-Controlled Release (CR),
-Long Acting (LA),
-Controlled Delivery (CD)

Question 10

What is a lozenge?

Answer 10

Lozenge - Medication formulated in a hard sugar to be dissolved in the mouth

Question 11

What is a suppository?

Answer 11

Suppository - Molded dosage form, softer than a tablet, intended for administration rectally, vaginally or via the urethra

Question 12

What is an inhalant?

Answer 12

Inhalant - Formulation of drug intended for respiratory administration through an inhaler

Question 13

What is an aerosol?

Answer 13

Aerosol - Drug formulated into a gas mixture for use in a nebulizer or certain inhalers

Question 14

What is a powder?

Answer 14

Powder - Fine particles of drug intended for either admixture into a liquid dosage form, oral use, topical application or use as an inhalant

Question 15

What are granules?

Answer 15

Granules - Compacted particles of drug product, usually enclosed as a capsule to be opened for oral administration

Question 16

What is a patch?

Answer 16

Patch - Drug formulated within an adhesive material to be administered topically or transdermally

Question 17

What is an implant?

Answer 17

Implant - Drug pump system or engineered hardware infused with drug that is implanted somewhere in the body for long-term release of the drug at the site of implantation or systemically

Question 18

What are creams, ointments, and pastes?

Answer 18

Creams, ointments, and pastes - Semi-solid dosage forms for topical administration

Question 19

What are the advantages and disadvantages of liquid dosage forms?

Answer 19

-Advantage: Can be used orally in some patients who cannot swallow solid dosage forms or need very specific doses.
-Disadvantage: May require careful measurement, and typically has shorter shelf life

Question 20

What is a solution?

Answer 20

Solution - Drug dissolved evenly throughout a fluid

Question 21

What is a syrup?

Answer 21

Syrup - Solution that contains sugar

Question 22

What is a jelly?

Answer 22

Jelly - High water content solution

Question 23

What is an elixir?

Answer 23

Elixir - Solution of water and alcohol

Question 24

What are spirits or essences?

Answer 24

Spirits or essences - Denotes an alcohol solution

Question 25

What is a suspension?

Answer 25

Suspension - Undissolved drug mixed in a fluid. Must be shaken. Includes lotions and gels.

Question 26

What is an extract?

Answer 26

Extract - Concentrated drug solution resulting from the extraction/mixture of a drug using a solvent

Question 27

What is a tincture?

Answer 27

Tincture - An alcohol solution containing 100 mg of drug per ml

Question 28

What is an emulsion?

Answer 28

Emulsion - Mixture of oil and water for use on skin. A mixture of oil or lipid in a liquid vehicle.

Question 29

What is enteral administration?

Answer 29

Enteral - Administration at a site that results in passage through the gastrointestinal tract

Question 30

What is parenteral administration?

Answer 30

Parenteral - Administration at a site that bypasses the gastrointestinal tract, usually referring to an injection or infusion

Question 31

What does SL stand for?

Answer 31

SL - Abbreviation for sublingual, meaning to dissolve under the tongue

Question 32

What is buccal administration?

Answer 32

Buccal - Route of administration in which the drug is dissolved against the inside of the cheek

Question 33

What are the types of feeding tubes for drug administration?

Answer 33

-Nasogastric (NG), -Nasojejunal, -Gastrostomy, -'PEG'

Question 34

What does IV stand for?

Answer 34

IV - Intravenous, meaning drug administration into a vein using a needle or needle/catheter system

Question 35

What is a bolus?

Answer 35

Bolus - Rapid infusion of a drug intravenously

Question 36

What is IV Push?

Answer 36

IV Push - Denotes rapid injection of a drug into a vein

Question 37

What is IV infusion?

Answer 37

IV infusion - Slow infusion of a drug into a vein

Question 38

What does IM stand for?

Answer 38

IM - Intramuscular, or injection of drug into a large muscle

Question 39

What does SQ stand for?

Answer 39

SQ - Subcutaneous, or injected under the skin

Question 40

What is the difference between topical and transdermal administration?

Answer 40

Topical is administration by applying onto the skin (or nail, or hair, usually with the intent for local action and limited systemic effect). Transdermal infers intent for systemic activity.

Question 41

What is otic administration?

Answer 41

Otic - Application or administration into the ear canal

Question 42

What is ophthalmic administration?

Answer 42

Ophthalmic - Application onto the eye

Question 43

What do AU, AD, AS stand for?

Answer 43

AU = both ears, AD = right ear, AS = left ear

Question 44

What do OU, OD, OS stand for?

Answer 44

OU = Both eyes, OD = Right eye, OS = Left eye

Question 45

How should liquid medications be measured?

Answer 45

Marked syringe or measuring cup

Question 46

Which of the following is NOT a solution? A. Elixir B. Jelly C. Syrup D. Lotion

Answer 46

D. Lotion

Question 47

Which best describes a dosage form of a compacted drug product, coarser than powder, that is usually enclosed in a capsule and administered orally? A. Lozenge B. Tablet C. Suppository D. Granules

Answer 47

D. Granules

Question 48

Which best describes a tablet that is intended to be dissolved in liquid prior to administering? A. Film-coated tablet B. Effervescent tablet C. Enteric-coated tablet D. Extended-release tablet

Answer 48

B. Effervescent tablet

Question 49

What is the abbreviation used to describe injection or infusion of a medication directly into a vein? A. IM B. IV C. SQ D. PO

Answer 49

B. IV

Question 50

Which best describes a drug formulated into a gas mixture, usually administered into the lungs via a nebulizer? A. Granules B. Powder C. Aerosol D. Implant

Answer 50

C. Aerosol

Question 51

Which best describes a solution that is a mix of alcohol and water? A. Jelly B. Suspension C. Elixir D. Syrup

Answer 51

C. Elixir

Question 52

How does the 'transdermal' route differ from the 'topical' route?

Answer 52

B. Transdermal infers that the goal is for systemic absorption and action of the medication

Question 53

Which abbreviation is used to describe the injection of a medication directly into a muscle? A. IM B. IV C. SQ D. PO

Answer 53

A. IM (Intramuscular)

Question 54

Which best describes a soft molded dosage form intended to be administered in the rectum or vagina? A. Lozenge B. Suppository C. Tablet D. Powder

Answer 54

B. Suppository

Question 55

Which term describes administration of a medication on the eye? A. Otic B. Transdermal C. Buccal D. Ophthalmic

Answer 55

D. Ophthalmic

Question 56

Why would a capsule or tablet be formulated as an extended release dosage form?

Answer 56

C. All of these answers may be reasons for an extended release dosage form

Question 57

Which best describes a liquid dosage form where the drug is evenly dissolved throughout a liquid? A. Gel B. Suspension C. Solution D. Lotion

Answer 57

C. Solution

Question 58

Which of the following is true regarding parenteral drug administration?

Answer 58

C. Administered at a site that bypasses the gastrointestinal tract, generally referred to as an injection

Question 59

Which best describes a slightly thicker solution with high water content? A. Syrup B. Tincture C. Extract D. Jelly

Answer 59

D. Jelly

Question 60

What term is used to describe the route of administration where the patient dissolves the drug under his or her tongue?

Answer 60

C. Sublingual

Question 61

Which of the following is true regarding enteral administration of a drug?

Answer 61

D. Administered orally or through another route resulting passage through the gastrointestinal tract

Question 62

Which best describes a drug in powder, granule, or liquid form that is contained within a hard gelatin shell?

Answer 62

C. Capsule

Question 63

True or False: Enteric-coated tablets should generally not be crushed, split or chewed

Answer 63

B. True

Question 64

Which of the following is NOT an advantage of a liquid dosage form over solid dosage forms for oral administration?

Answer 64

A. Generally have longer shelf-lives

Question 65

What is the primary purpose of an enteric coating on a tablet?

Answer 65

A. To keep the tablet from dissolving too early in the gastrointestinal tract

Question 66

Which best describes a drug formulated as very fine particles, similar in texture to flour, intended to be taken orally, mixed into a liquid or applied topically?

Answer 66

A. Powder

Question 67

True or False: It is usually okay to crush, chew, or split an extended release tablet.

Answer 67

A. False

Question 68

Which best describes a solution that contains sugar?

Answer 68

C. Syrup

Question 69

Which of the following abbreviation descriptions is correct?

Answer 69

C. AU = both ears, AS = left ear, AD = right ear

Question 70

Which best describes a compacted, molded solid dosage form intended for oral use?

Answer 70

A. Tablet

Question 71

Which abbreviation is used to denote the oral route, where the patient is to swallow the medication?

Answer 71

D. PO

Question 72

Which of the following is NOT true regarding the difference between oral and intravenous drug administration?

Answer 72

B. Oral administration of a drug will always result in similar systemic drug concentrations compared with intravenous administration, albeit with a slower onset

Question 73

Which of the following is NOT a semi-solid dosage form intended for topical administration?

Answer 73

D. Suspension

Question 74

Which of the following terms is used to describe rapid intravenous injection of a medication?

Answer 74

A. Bolus

Question 75

True or False: Suspensions should always be shaken prior to administration

Answer 75

B. True

Question 76

Which of the following abbreviation descriptions is correct?

Answer 76

D. OU = both eyes, OS = left eye, OD = right eye

Question 77

What is the device used to deliver an aerosolized medication into the lungs?

Answer 77

B. Nebulizer

Question 78

Which of the following is NOT a potential purpose of an inactive ingredient or 'excipient', in a drug product?

Answer 78

A. All of the listed answers are possible reasons for inactive ingredients

Question 79

Which best describes an undissolved drug mixed in a fluid?

Answer 79

C. Suspension

Question 80

Which term is used to describe the route of administration where the patient dissolves the medication on the inside of his or her cheek?

Answer 80

A. Buccal

Question 81

Which term is used to describe application of a medication into the ear canal?

Answer 81

B. Otic

Question 82

Which best describes a drug product formulated in a hard sugar intended to be dissolved in the mouth?

Answer 82

C. Lozenge

Question 83

Which term is used to describe injection of a medication under the skin?

Answer 83

D. Subcutaneous

Question 84

What is an excipient?

Answer 84

Excipient - An inactive substance used as a carrier for the active ingredients in a medication.

Question 85

What is a preservative?

Answer 85

Preservative - A substance added to products to prevent microbial growth and extend shelf life.

Question 86

What is a solubilizer?

Answer 86

Solubilizer - A compound that enhances the solubility of active ingredients in a formulation.

Question 87

What is a flavoring agent?

Answer 87

Flavoring agent - A substance used to impart a specific taste or aroma to a product, improving palatability.

Question 88

What is a bulking agent?

Answer 88

Bulking agent - A substance that adds volume to a formulation without affecting its therapeutic action.

Question 89

What is a molding agent?

Answer 89

Molding agent - A substance that helps shape or form a dosage form, such as tablets or capsules.

Question 90

What is a paste?

Answer 90

Paste - A semi-solid dosage form that is thicker and leaves more residue than an ointment.

Question 91

What is a cream?

Answer 91

Cream - Water based, semisolid preparation used to deliver drugs to the skin or mucous membranes.