Medications

Question 1

what is a non-cardio selective beta blocker

Answer 1

propanolol; antihypertension

Question 2

what does propanol help

Answer 2

decrease resistance; decrease workload; decrease cardiac output; decrease intraocular pressure-glaucoma

Question 3

who should not receive propanolol

Answer 3

patients diagnosed with COPD/asthma (causes bronchoconstriction) or PVD (circulation is impaired)

Question 4

what should the nurse watch out for while giving propanolol

Answer 4

bradycardia; exacerbates heart failure; don’t suddenly stop; BG; orthostatic hypotension (lowers BP); know overdose symptoms

Question 5

which antihypertensive medication produces a cough

Answer 5

ACE inhibitor; captopril

Question 6

what does captopril do

Answer 6

lowers BP, not HR; allows water and sodium in, let’s potassium out

Question 7

side effects of captopril

Answer 7

coughing; hypokalemia

Question 8

what should the patient not eat with captopril?

Answer 8

green vegetables

Question 9

what medication should you not take with captopril

Answer 9

allopurinol

Question 10

what drug is a mucolytic

Answer 10

acetylcysteine

Question 11

what does acetylcysteine do

Answer 11

thins respiratory secretions

Question 12

what does acetylcysteine treat

Answer 12

cystic fibrosis; acetaminophen overdose

Question 13

how is acetylcysteine given

Answer 13

inhalation; for the overdose, IV or oral

Question 14

what type of patient should you watch taking acetylcysteine

Answer 14

asthma because it can cause bronchospasms

Question 15

what type of medication is pseudoephedrine

Answer 15

oral decongestant

Question 16

what does pseudoephedrine do

Answer 16

shrinks nasal membrane by stimulating alpha-adrenergic receptors; promotes drainage in sinuses to improve air flow

Question 17

what does pseudoephedrine cause

Answer 17

hypertension

Question 18

what type of medication is albuterol

Answer 18

short-acting beta agonist bronchodilator

Question 19

what does albuterol treat

Answer 19

acute attacks; bronchospasm r/t asthma, bronchitis

Question 20

what does albuterol do

Answer 20

quickly reduce airway constriction and restore normal airflow

Question 21

when is albuterol use

Answer 21

during hypotension and shock

Question 22

what does albuterol cause

Answer 22

tremors, tachycardia, hypokalemia, CNS stimulation

Question 23

what drug is an antihistamine

Answer 23

diphenhydramine

Question 24

what does antihistamines do

Answer 24

reduce inflammation

Question 25

how does antihistamines work to reduce inflammation

Answer 25

reduce swelling; reduced secretions; widened airway; decrease hives

Question 26

what are the side effects of antihistamine

Answer 26

sleepiness; dry mouth; blurred vision; urinary retention (benign prostate hypertrophy)

Question 27

what medication is a proton pump inhibitor

Answer 27

omeprazole

Question 28

what does proton pump inhibitors treat

Answer 28

(also prevent) ulcers, GERD; if h. pylori with PPI and antibiotic

Question 29

what does a proton pump inhibitor do

Answer 29

suppresses gastric acid production; blocks calcium absorption

Question 30

what can a proton pump inhibitor cause

Answer 30

osteoporosis (bone fractures), c. diff, pneumonia

Question 31

what are antidiarrheal drugs

Answer 31

bismuth subsalicylate and loperamide

Question 32

what does bismuth subsalicylate treat

Answer 32

diarrhea, GERD, nausea

Question 33

what can bismuth subsalicylate cause

Answer 33

reye syndrome (rare failure of acute liver failure- DONT give to kids)

Question 34

what is a normal finding for a patient given bismuth subsalicylate

Answer 34

dark/black colored stool

Question 35

what type of drug gentamicin

Answer 35

aminoglycosides (antibiotic)

Question 36

what does gentamicin do

Answer 36

treat bacterial infections

Question 37

what should the nurse monitor with gentamicin

Answer 37

peak and trough to determine if an additional dose is needed

Question 38

symptoms of gentamicin

Answer 38

ototoxicity (hearing/balancing problems); nephrotoxicity (kidney damage)

Question 39

what type of drug is ciprofloxacin

Answer 39

fluoroquinolones (antibiotic)

Question 40

what is the special reaction to ciprofloxacin

Answer 40

tendonitis in older adults

Question 41

what can ciprofloxacin cause

Answer 41

tendonitis; photosensitivity (sunburn)

Question 42

what type of drug is sulfonamide

Answer 42

antibiotics

Question 43

what is a common medication for sulfonamide

Answer 43

trimethoprim

Question 44

what is the action of sulfonamide

Answer 44

block para-aminobenzoic acid to prevent the synthesis of folic acid in susceptible bacteria

Question 45

what does sulfonamide treat

Answer 45

infections caused by gram negative and positive bacteria

Question 46

what are symptoms of sulfonamide

Answer 46

allergy; crystalluria; photosensitivity; teratogenic

Question 47

what should the patient do while taking sulfonamide

Answer 47

stay well hydrated

Question 48

what is lispro

Answer 48

rapid-acting insulin (onset 5-15 minutes; peak 1-2 hours; duration 3-5 hours)

Question 49

what should the patient do after the injection

Answer 49

eat a meal

Question 50

what is insulin glargin

Answer 50

long acting (onset 1-2 hours; duration 24 hours; no peak)

Question 51

how frequent can insulin glargine be given

Answer 51

once daily, also twice every 12 hours

Question 52

what does insulin galrgine look like

Answer 52

clear. colorless solution

Question 53

what insulin can be taken through IV

Answer 53

regular

Question 54

what type of drug is levothyroxine

Answer 54

hypothyroidism

Question 55

action of levothyroxine

Answer 55

increase the metabolic rate of body tissues; increase oxygen consumption, respiration, and HR; the rate fat, protein, and carbohydrate metabolism; growth and maturation; increases thyroid levels

Question 56

what are some cautions of levothyroxine

Answer 56

thyrotoxicosis; acute myocardial infarction

Question 57

what are adverse effects of levothyroxine

Answer 57

skin reactions; symptoms of hyperthyroidism; cardiac stimulation; weight loss

Question 58

when should levothyroxine be taken

Answer 58

in the morning with an empty stomach

Question 59

why is carbidopa and levodopa mixed

Answer 59

carbidopa decreased the amount of levodopa needed to reach therapeutic level in the brain; the dosage of levodopa can be decreased, reducing adverse side effects

Question 60

what type of drug is benztropine

Answer 60

anticholinergic (parkinson's)

Question 61

what does benztropine treat

Answer 61

extrapyramidal symptoms

Question 62

side effects of benztropine

Answer 62

Tachycardia, dysrhythmias, hyper- or hypotension, hepatic dysfunction, pregnancy/lactation, hot environments

Question 63

drug-drug interactions with benztropine

Answer 63

other anticholinergic drugs and antipsychotics

Question 64

what type of drug is phenytoin

Answer 64

antiseizure- hydantoins

Question 65

what is the action of phenytoin

Answer 65

stabilize nerve membranes thoughout CNS by influencing ionic channels in cell membrane

Question 66

what does phenytoin cause

Answer 66

acute toxicity at high doses; gingival hyperplasia; CN VI damage; impaired balance; slurred speech

Question 67

why is phenytoin mixed with saline

Answer 67

it has a drug-drug interaction with alcohol

Question 68

what is the normal level of phenytoin

Answer 68

10-20

Question 69

why is oral care needed for phenytoin

Answer 69

to prevent gingival hyperplasia

Question 70

what type of drug is phenobarbital

Answer 70

antiseizure barbital (addictive)

Question 71

what does phenobarbital do

Answer 71

stabilize nerve membranes throughout the CNS directly by influencing ionic channels in the cell membrane

Question 72

adverse effects of phenobarbital

Answer 72

depression, confusion, drowsiness, lethargy, fatigue, constipation, dry mouth, anorexia, cardiac, arrhythmias, changes in BP, urinary retention, loss of libido, physical dependence and withdrawl

Question 73

what type of drug is valproic acid

Answer 73

anitseizure

Question 74

valproic acid action

Answer 74

reduces abnormal electrical activity in the brain

Question 75

valproic acid indication

Answer 75

increase GABA activity at inhibitory receptors

Question 76

what is the normal levels of valproic acid

Answer 76

50-100

Question 77

adverse effects of antibiotics

Answer 77

secondary infections, GI upset, NEPHROTOXICITY

Question 78

tetracycline

Answer 78

damage to teeth; gray colored teeth; take on an empty stomach