medications Flashcards

Question

folic acid (Folate, Folvite)

Answer 1

prevention and treatment of megaloblastic and macrocytic anemias. For normal fetal development Required for protein synthesis and red blood cell function/production, and WBC and platelets.

Answer 2

Treatment of familial hypophosphatemia. Hypoparathyroidism, and vitamin D resistant rickets. Requires activation in the liver and kidneys to create the active for of vitamin D2 Promotes the absorption of calcium and decreases parathyroid hormone concentrations

Answer 3

Prevention and treatment of hypothrombinemia, which maybe associated with: excessive doses of oral anticoagulants, Salicylates, certain anti-infective agents, nutritional deficiencies required for hepatic synthesis of blood coagulation factors 2 (prothrombin), 7, 9, 10

Answer 4

Used as a dietary supplement, used in low birth weight infants, and treat hemolysis due to vitamin E deficiency prevents the oxidation (antioxidant) of other substances. protects RBC membranes against hemolysis, especially in low-birth-weight

Answer 5

treatment and prevention of vitamin C deficiency, States of increased requirements such as pregnancy, lactation, stress, hyperthyroidism Necessary for collagen formation and tissue repair. Involved in oxidation reduction reactions, cellular respiration and resistance to infection

Answer 6

Treatment of thiamine deficiencies (beriberi), prevention of Wernicke's encephalopathy. dietary supplement in patients with GI disease, alcoholism, or cirrhosis required for carbohydrate metabolism

Answer 7

treatment and prevention of hypocalcemia. Adjunct in the prevention of postmenopausal osteoporosis. Relief of acid indigestion or heartburn. Treatment of hyperphosphatemia in end stage renal disease Essential for nervous, muscular and skeletal systems. Maintain cell membrane and capillary permeability. Act as an activator in the transmission of nerve impulses and contraction of cardiac, skeletal, and smooth muscle. Essential for bone formation and blood coagulation CALCIUM SALTS- mineral/electrolytes/pH modifiers

Answer 8

K+ replacement or prevention of deficiency Maintain acid-base balance, isotonicity, and electrophysiologic balance of the cell. Activator in many enzymatic reactions, essential to transmission of nerve impulses, contraction of cardiac, skeletal, and smooth muscle. gastric secretion, renal function, tissue synthesis and carbohydrate metabolism

Answer 9

osteoarthritis, ischemic heart disease, hyperlipidemia, osteoporosis may serve as a building block of articular cartilage. May protect cartilage against degradation. may have antiatherogenic properties

Answer 10

Obesity management, BMI >30 in the presence of additional risk factors(diabetes, hypertension, hyperlipidemia) Decreases the absorption of dietary fat by reversibly inhibiting enzymes (lipases), which are necessary for the breakdown and subsequent absorption of fat

Answer 11

short-term treatment of obesity in conjunction with other interventions in the presence of other risk factors Decreases hunger by altering the chemical control of nerve impulse transmission in the appetite control center of the hypothalmus

Answer 12

Osteoarthritis, Temporomandibular joint arthritis, Glaucoma May stop or slow osteoarthritis progression by stimulating cartilage and synovial tissue metabolism

Answer 13

Lipid-lowering agent Management of hypercholesterolemia, primary prevention of coronary heart disease. Patients with increased LDL, low HDL. Inhibits HMG-CoA reductase, an enzyme which is responsible for catalyzing an early step in the synthesis of cholesterol.

Answer 14

Adjunctive therapy in certain hyperlipidemias Large doses decrease lipoprotein and triglyceride synthesis by inhibiting the release of free fatty acids from adipose tissue and decreasing hepatic lipoprotein synthesis

Answer 15

1st gen Cephalosporins Treatment of infection of: skin, pharyngitis/tonsillitis, UTI binds to bacterial membrane, causing cell death

Answer 16

2nd Gen Cephalosporins infections of: respiratory tract, skin, UTI, and otitis media binds to bacterial cell wall membrane, causing cell death

Answer 17

3rd Gen Cephalosporins Infections of: skin, bone/joint, UTI, Gynecological (gonorrhea), Lower Respiratory, intra-abdominal, septicemia, lyme, meningitis, perioperative prohylaxis binds to bacterial cell wall membrane

Answer 18

treatment of: skin, otitis media, Sinusitis, Genitourinary, Endocarditis prophylaxis, Post-anthrax, Management of ulcer disease due to Helicobacter pylori Binds to cell wall

Answer 19

for skin, Otitis media, Sinusitis, Respiratory tract, Genitourinary tract infection binds to cell wall, spectrum is broader than penicillin. Clavulanate resists beta-lactamase produces by bacteria that resists penicillin.

Answer 20

infections of: Pneumococcal pneumonia, Streptococcal pharyngitis, Syphilis, Gonorrhea> Treatment of enterococcal infections, prevention of rheumatic fever, not for anthrax Binds to cell wall

Answer 21

Antidiarrheals Song + treatment of ulcer disease from Hellcobact er pylori (w/anti-infectives) Promotes intestinal absorption of fluids and electrolytes. Decreases synthesis of intestinal prostaglandins.

Answer 22

antidiarrheal Adjunctive therapy of acute diarrhea associated with inflammatory bowel disease. Decreases the volume of ileostomy drainage. Inhibits peristalsis and prolongs transit time by a direct effect on nerves in the intestinal muscle wall. Reduces fecal volume, increases fecal viscosity and bulk while diminishing loss of fluid and electrolytes.

Answer 23

Laxatives- Bulk forming agents Management of simple or chronic constipation with low fiber. useful to avoid straining after MI, rectal surgery, bed rest) used to avoid chronic diarrhea combines with water in the intestinal contents to form an emollient gel or viscous solution that promotes peristalsis and reduces transit time.

Answer 24

Treatment of occasional constipation PEG in solution acts as an osmotic agent, drawing water into the lumen of the GI tract

Answer 25

Salines Laxative, Bowel evacuant in prep for surgical or radiographic procedures. Are osmotically active in GI tract, drawing water into the lumen and causing peristalsis.

Answer 26

Stimulant Laxatives Treatment of constipation, Evacuation of the bowel before radiologic studies or surgery, part of a bowel regimen in spinal cord injury. Stimulates peristalsis, alters fluid and electrolyte transport, producing fluid accumulation in the colon.

Answer 27

Treatment of constipation Active components of senna (sennosides) alter water and electrolyte transport in the large intestine, resulting in accumulation of water and increased peristalsis

Answer 28

Stool Softeners PO: prevention of constipation (for avoid straining patients) Rect: used as enema to soften fecal impaction Promotes incorporation of water into stool, resulting in softer fecal mass. May also promote electrolyte and water secretion into the colon

Answer 29

Antispasmodic Treatment of overactive bladder function that results in urinary frequency, urgency or urge incontinence Acts as a competitive muscarinic receptor antagonist resulting in inhibition of cholinergically mediated bladder contraction

Answer 30

Urinary symptoms that may be associated with neurogenic bladder include frequent urination, urgency, nocturia, urge incontinence, overactive bladder with symptoms of urge incontinence, urgency, and frequency Inhibits the action of acetylcholine at postganglionic receptors. Has direct spasmolytic action on smooth muscle, including lining of GU tract, w/o affect on vascular smooth muscle

Answer 31

Urinary tract analgesic Urinary tract pain Acts locally on the urinary tract mucosa to produce analgesic or local anesthetic effects

Answer 32

Antidiabetics (Nutrition) management of type 2 diabetes mellitus Decreases hepatic glucose production, intestinal glucose absorption, and increases sensitivity to insulin

Answer 33

Rapid acting insulin Control of hyperglycemia in type 1 and 2 Lowers blood glucose by stimulating glucose uptake into skeletal muscle and fat, inhibiting hepatic glucose production Onset of action- within 15min peak-1-2 hours duration- 3-4 hours novolog 5-15min 40-50min 4-6 hours

Answer 34

Short Acting Control Hyperglycemia Lowers blood glucose by stimulating glucose uptake and inhibiting hepatic glucose production onset- 30-60min peak 2-4 hours duration 5-7 hours

Answer 35

Intermediate acting Lowers blood glucose onset 2-4 hours peak 4-10 hours Duration 10-16 hours

Answer 36

Long-acting onset 3-4 hours peak none duration 24 hours

Answer 37

Antiulcer agent Antacids Lowering of phosphate levels in patients with chronic renal failure Adjunctive therapy in the treatment of peptic, duodenal, and gastric ulcers. Hyperacidity, indigestion, reflux esophagitis Binds phosphate in the GI tract, neutralizes gastric acid and inactivates pepsin

Answer 38

useful in a variety of GI complaints including Hyperacidity, Indigestion, GERD, Heartburn Neutralize gastric acid following dissolution in gastric contents inactivate pepsin if pH is raised to >4

Answer 39

H2 Blockers Short-term treatment of active duodenal ulcers and benign gastric ulcers. Maintenance therapy for duodenal ulcers after healing of active ulcers Management of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) treatment of heartburn, acid indigestion, and sour stomach Inhibits the action of histamine at the H2-receptor site located primarily in gastric parietal cells, resulting in inhibition of gastric acid secretion

Answer 40

Proton pump inhibitos Erosive esophagitis associated with GERD Decreases relapse rates of daytime and nighttime heartburn symptoms on patients with GERD Pathologic gastric hypersecretory conditions Binds to an enzyme in the presence of acidic gastric pH, preventing the final transport of hydrogen ions into the gastric lumen

medications Flashcards

(64 cards)