Medications Flashcards
(25 cards)
What infections can candida cause?
Thrush (oropharyngeal candidiasis) and yeast infections (vulvovaginal candidiasis)
What drug class is Itraconazole? What is the MOA?
Class- Azoles
MOA- Inhibits enzymes necessary for integrity of the fungal cell membrane
All horcruxes (enzymes) must be destroyed to destroy Voldemort’s immunity (destroys fungal cell membrane)
What are the therapeutic uses for Itraconazole?
Capsules are used for systemic infections
Oral solution- thrush (oral and esophageal)
What are the ADRs of Itraconazole? What are the nursing actions and what are some signs and symptoms to look our for?
Cardiac suppression (will return to normal withing 12hrs)
Liver injury
Assess for Heart disease of PMH of heart disease
-chest pain, angina, edema, crackles, SOB, indigestion, dizzy, fatigue
Assess baseline liver function
-abdominal pain, jaundice, fatigue, nausea,
What class is Amphotericin B? MOA? Uses?
Class- Polyene Macrolide
Use- Systemic mycoses (fungal infection)
MOA- binds to fungal cell membrane increasing permeability and allowing leakage of cellular contents
Causes the cell membrane to become a leaky pipe and eventually break
What ADRs does amphotericin B have?
Nephrotoxicity
Others- infusion reactions, HypoK, and hematological effects like anemia
What Nursing actions are important for amphotericin B administration?
Q15m vitals during first dose, Q30m vitals from 2-4 hours post admin
Other; Monitor CBC, renal labs, and electrolytes
What class is Nystatin? MOA? Uses?
Class- polyene antifungal
MOA- binds to fungal cell membrane increasing permeability and allowing leakage of cellular content
Uses- yeast infections (candidiasis) and jock itch/athletes foot/ringworm
Nystatin ADRs
Oral- GI distress
Topical/vaginal- local irritation
What is the significance of dentures and nystatin?
If a patient requires oral nystatin suspensions and wears dentures, the dentures must be treated as well to avoid re-infection
Can latent TB spread from person to person?
No latent TB is not contagious but can advance to active TB disease which is contagious
What is the gold standard drug treatment in TB?
Always use TWO or MORE drugs and always determine sensitivity
What is MDR TB?
Multi-drug resistant TB
(resistant to both isoniazid and rifampin)
What is XDR TB?
Extensively drug resistant TB
(resistance to isoniazid, rifampin, all fluroquinolones, and at least one injectable second-line drugs)
What is the most common cause of treatment failure in TB? How do we overcome this?
Patient nonadherence is the most common cause of Tx failure, relapse, and drug resistance
DOT is the standard care for TB to ensure adherence
What is the MOA of Isoniazid? What is it’s use?
First-line TB tx
MOA- bacteriostatic by inhibiting synthesis of mycolic acid (part of the mycobacterial wall)
What ADR are we concerned about with Isoniazid?
Hepatotoxicity
What is the drug interaction with Isoniazid?
Strong INHBITOR of p450 (turns it off) thus RAISES serum drug levels of other medications
additive hepatoxicity with other hepatotoxic meds
What is the MOA of Rifampin? Use? ADRs?
First line Tb Tx
MOA- inhibits RNA and protein synthesis resulting in cell death
ADR- Hepatotoxicity
red/orange tint to urine, sweat, tears, saliva
What interactions does rifampin have?
Strong INDUCER (on) of p450 which can LOWER drug serum levels of other meds
What MOA is Pyrazinamide?
First Line TB tx
MOA- converts pryazinoic acid which lowers pH of the environment of mycobacterium
Why should we use pyrazinamide cautiously in gout?
ADR of hyperuricemia
What is the MOA of Ethambutol?
First line TB tx
MOA- inhibits bacterial cell growth by inhibiting cell wall synthesis
What is significant about the ADR for Ethambutol?
can cause hepatotoxicity AND nephrotoxicity
