Medications Flashcards
(99 cards)
0
Q
The category of blood pressure medications that are vasodilators include (4)
A
ACE inhibitors
Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARB)
Calcium Channel blockers
Prostaglandins
1
Q
First choice for blood pressure medications
A
ACE inhibitors
2
Q
The most common side effect of ACE inhibitors (ACE-I) is:
A
chronic dry cough
3
Q
enalapril
A
ACE-I
4
Q
Captopril
A
ACE-I
5
Q
Lisinopril
A
ACE-I
6
Q
Ramipril
A
ACE-I
7
Q
ACE inhibitors reduce blood pressure by reducing preload, afterload, or both?
A
both
8
Q
Do not give ACE-I to patients who are taking what kind of medication?
A
potassium sparing diuretic
9
Q
Teaching for this drug icludes:
- Take at the same time each day (AM is best)
- Do not double the dose if a dose is missed.
- Sit up slowly to avoid dizziness
- Report weight gain of 3-5 pounds weekly or 3 lbs in 2 days.
- Report SOB, dyspnea
A
ACE-I
10
Q
Nurses should monitor patients taking ACE-I and ARBs for what electrolyte imbalance?
A
hyperkalemia
11
Q
Losartan
A
ARB (angiotensin receptor blocking)
12
Q
Valsartan
A
ARB
13
Q
Irbesartan
A
ARB
14
Q
Candesartan
A
ARB
15
Q
ARBs decrease blood pressure by reducing preload, afterload, or both?
A
both
16
Q
Nurses should assess for which electrolyte imbalance in patients taking ARBs?
A
hyperkalemia
17
Q
If a patient is unhappy with the chronic dry cough side effect or if ACE-I are not having the desired efficacy, which type of medication would the doctor likely prescribe next?
A
ARB
18
Q
Patient teaching for this type of drug includes:
- Take at the same time each day (preferably AM)
- Sit up slowly to avoid dizziness
- Check weight and BP daily
- Report weight gain of 3-5 lbs weekly or 3 lbs in 2 days.
- Report SOB, dyspnea.
- Report decreased UOP.
- It may take 3-6 weeks for full efficacy.
A
ARBs. ACE-I work almost instantly. UOP.
19
Q
Atenolol
A
Beta blocker
20
Q
Metoprolol
A
Beta blocker
21
Q
Carvedilol
A
Beta blocker
22
Q
Labetalol
A
Beta blocker
23
Q
This class of blood pressure medication has the following effects:
- decreases HR
- decreases BP
- Vasodilates
- Decreases SVR
- Bronchoconstriction
A
beta blockers
24
```
Caution should be used in patients with the following for this type of drug:
1. Low output HF
2. ADHF
due to decreased cardiac output, and
3. bronchospasm patient
due to bronchoconstriction effect
```
beta blockers
25
ACE-I/ARBs are the first choice for blood pressure medications. What is the second?
Beta blockers
26
Possible side effects of this drug include:
1. fatigue
2. peripheral edema
3. orthostatic hypotension
4. bradycardia
5. dizziness
beta blockers
27
Nurses should know that patients with respiratory problems should not take which class of blood pressure medication?
beta blockers
28
Nurses should know that this drug has a rapid onset and short duration.
beta blockers
29
Patient teaching for this type of drug includes:
1. take at the same time every day (AM preferably)
2. Sit up slowly to avoid dizziness
3. Patient should check HR before taking, if
beta blockers
30
Amlodipine
Calcium Channel Blockers
31
Verapamil
Calcium Channel blocker
32
Diltiazem
Calcium Channel Blocker
33
Of the CCBs, which one is most effective at raising blood pressure? (yes, raising)
amlodipine
34
Of the CCBs, which drug is one of the most effective for effecting the HR?
Verapamil
35
Of the CCBs, which drug is most useful in treating dysrhythmias? (especially tachy dysrhythmias)
diltiazem
36
Calcium Channel blockers decrease/increase heart rate? How?
decrease, by slowing contractions
37
Calcium Channel blockers are useful in dilating which important vessels?
Coronary arteries
38
Calcium Channel blockers, in addition to other things, can improve what sort of pain?
Angina
39
Which drug promotes muscle relaxation, dilates coronary arteries, decreases SVR, improves angina, and decreases BP
calcium channel blockers
40
Major side effects of CCBs include?
Orthostatic hypotension, palpiations, bradycardia
41
CCBs should not be used in which situation?
MI
42
Which diuretics need to be monitored for hypokalemia?
Thiazides and Loop
43
Which diuretic is usually given for blood pressure in addition to fluid retention?
Thiazides (HCTZ0
44
Spirinolactone is what kind of medication specifically?
Potassium sparing diuretic
45
Nitroglycerin is what kind of drug?
Nitrate
46
Nitrates do what to the vascular system?
Vasodilation of all vessels
47
What specifically is NTG used for?
Coronary artery vasodilation
48
Nitrates an increase or decrease of oxygen delivery?
increase
49
A 60 year old man presents at the emergency room with chest pain. What question about other medications should be asked?
Question the patient about the use of erectile dysfunction drugs.
50
What does the nurse need to monitor carefully for in patient given NTG?
Severe drop in BP
51
Common side effects of nitrates?
HA
Tachycardia
Postural hypotension (apply/take while sitting down)
52
What can the nurse advise a patient to do to prevent headache from NTG patches?
Apply further away from head
53
What nursing interventions are important with NTG?
BP
volume status monitoring (makes dehydration worse)
Watch potassium
54
What teaching is important for the patient taking NTG?
During anginal attack apply x3 every 5 minutes. If not significantly reduced with first dose or gone by the third dose, 911 should be called.
Sit up slowly
Keep it with you
Protect from light and moisture
Expect a tingle when applicated if it is still active
Rotate sites (most effective on chest, but anywhere will work)
There should be a nitrate free period, such as at night
55
A hypertensive crisis might be treated with what form of NTG?
IV
56
What drug is most commonly used for atrial fibillation?
Digoxin
57
Digoxin does what to the heart?
Improves contractility (positive inotrope)
Slows HR
Slows conduction from SA node to ventricles
58
What are the signs of Digoxin toxicity?
```
N/V
Diarrhea
Green/yellow visual disturbance
HA
GI upset
```
59
What could contribute to Digoxin toxicity?
Low potassium levels
Renal problems
Geriatric
60
What are the side effects of Digoxin therapy?
Bradycardia, hypotension
61
Nursing interventions for digoxin include
Watching potassium
| Check apical pulse prior to administration (Must be greater than 60)
62
What do patients need to learn about digoxin therapy?
Take at the same time each day
Check heart rate before administering
Monitor toxicity by having blood levels checked and knowing S/S of toxicity
63
Other than A-fib, what other condition can digoxin help with?
Systolic HF
64
The "statins" are what type of drug?
Lipid lowering
65
Statins do what?
Decrease rate of cholesterol production
66
What should be monitored for patients taking statins?
```
Liver dysfunction (CHECK LIVER PANELS) JAUNDICE, ASCITES
muscle pain (RABDOMYOLOSIS= MUSCLE DESTRUCTION)
```
67
Niacin is what type of drug?
Lipid lowering agent
68
Niacin is sometimes used in conjunction with what other lipid lowering agent?
Statins
69
The patient should be aware of what physical effect of niacin?
Flushing (bright red face, sweating)
70
Fibric acid derivatives do what?
Activate lipase to enhance breakdown of cholesterol
71
Gemfibrozil is what type of lipid lowering agent?
fibric acid derivative
72
Fenofibrate is what type of lipid lowering agent?
Fibric acid derivative
73
Bile acid sequestrant is what type of drug?
lipid lowering agent
74
How does bile acid sequestrant work?
increases HDL, decreases LDL, lowering circulating cholesterol
75
What are the side effects of Bile acid sequestrants?
Constipation, Nausea, bloating (all GI)
76
Cholestyramine is what type of drug?
Bile acid sequestrant
77
Colestipol
Bile acid sequestrant
78
colesevelam
Bile acid sequestrant
79
Aspirin is what type of blood thinner?
anti-platelet
80
What allergy would be a contraindication of aspirin therapy?
Sulfa drugs
81
Sign of toxicity of aspirin
Tinnitus
82
Side effect of aspirin therapy
GI upset
83
What is the antidote of coumadin?
Vitamin K
84
What is the test to monitor coumadin therapy and what is the normal range?
PT/INR, 2-2.5
85
What is the standard dose of Enoxaparin
1 mg/kg
86
What is the antidote to heparin?
protamine sulfate
87
Clopidogrel (Plavix)
Anti-platelet blood thinner
88
Ticlopidine (Ticlid)
Anti-platelet blood thinner
89
Blood thinners that are typically used after valve replacement or for atrial fibrillation
Plavix and Ticlid (clopidogrel and ticlopidine)
90
These types of drugs typically end in -plase
Fibrinolytics
91
This type of drug actually destroys clots
Fibrinolytics
92
Retivase
Fibrinolytic
93
Activase
Fibrinolytic
94
These medications are used for refractory angina.
Calcium channel blockers
95
Do not take this medication with other vasodilators such as nitrates or erectile dysfunction medications.
Calcium channel blockers
96
Of the CCBs, which is most effective at treating dysrhythmias and effecting the HR?
Diltiazem (Cardizem)
97
Calcium channel blockers decrease preload, afterload, or both? How?
Afterload, by decreasing SVR
98
This category of drugs can be used as an antihypertensives, antidysrthmic, and/or anti-anginal.
Calcium channel blockers
