Medications Flashcards

Question

ANTIDIARRHEAL (4) DIBO

Answer 1

_Diphenoxylate/Atropine_, _Ioperamide_, _Bismuth subsalicylate_ (Pepto), _Opium_ MoA: **↓ peristalsis** (absorbs water, gas, tox, nutrients in bowel), **↑ tone of sphincters** SE: **C**, fecal impaction, **anticholinergic effects** NC: - **HOLD w/ abd pain** [CONTRA] - √ urinary retention (output) - Admin **2 hr BEFORE** or **3 hr AFTER other meds** - **↑ FLUIDS!**

Answer 2

_Trimethobenzamide HCl_ - inject IM gluts _Prochlorperazine_ _Metoclopramide_ - ↓ residual/ aspiration in tube feedings _Ondansetron_ _Meclizine_ - ∅ glaucoma MoA: **↑ GI motility, Block DA**, effects in chemoreceptor trigger zone (vomiting zone) SE: **sedation, anticholinergic effects** NC: - **use BEFORE chemo/ radiation** - use w/ **viral infection** - Risk of **Reye's syn** (pt \<21 yo, toxic encephalopathy) - **∅ GI bleeding/ hemorrage** - **∅ pregnant**

Answer 3

_Metronidazole Amphotericin B_ "amphoterrible" - **HYPOkalemia** (muscle pain), **seizures** _Nystatin_ USE: **Candidiasis** (oral yeast inf), **Oral thrush**, histoplasmosis SE: **hepatotox, thrombocytopenia** (↑ bleeding, ↓ PLT), **leukopenia** (↓ WBC, infection risk), pruritis NC: - **W/ FOOD** (↓ GI upset) - Monitor liver func, PLT, WBC - **Oral hygiene**

Answer 4

_Colchicine_ - acute phase of gout tx _Allopurinol_ _Probenecid_ - chronic tx of gout, ↑ MoA of **ciprofloxin** MoA: **↓ uric acid** production & resorption USE: **gout**, **uric acid stones** SE: aplastic anemia, **agranulocytosis** (↓ WBC, inf risk), **renal calculi**, GI upset NC: - Monitor **kidney stones** (↑ FLUIDS) - **W/ FOOD, MILK, ANTACIDS**

Answer 5

_Chlorpheniramine maleate_, _Diphenhydramine_ (Benadryl), _Promethazine_ (antiemetic) USE: allergic rhinitis, allergic rxn to blood SE: **drowsy**, dry mouth, **photosensitivity**, **bronchospasm**, **anticholinergic** NC: - **W/ FOOD - ∅ alcohol** - **√ RR** - sunscreen, mouth care

Answer 6

* *Bile Acid Sequestrants** - _Cholestyramine_, _Folic acid_ * *Statins** - _Lovostatin_, _Pravastatin_, _Atorvastatin_ * *Nicotinic acid** - _Niacin_ MoA: **inhibit cholesterol & tryglyceride syn** (↓ cholesterol & LDLs) SE: _BAS_ - **C**, rash, **↓ fat soluble vitas** _Statins_ - myopathy _Nicotinic_ - flushing, hyperglycemia, gout NC: - **Admin @ _NIGHT_, W/ FOOD** (∅ grapefruit) - GOOD w/ diet, exercise, ∅ smoking - GOOD w/ **herbals**: flaxseed, garlic, green tea, soy - **∅ other meds** ∴ **Admin 1 hr before or 4 hrs after**

Answer 7

**"-pril"** - Catopril, Enalpril, Lisinopril \*\* **_A_** **for Artery** \*\* - SYSTEMIC VASODILATION MoA: **blocks ACE in lungs** from converting Angio I → Angio II *(vasoconstrictor)* USE: **HTN**, CHF SE: **↑ HR, MI**, Proteinuria, **Cough** NC: - **∅ FOOD** - 1 hr ac or 2 hr pc - **small, freq meals** - Δ positions slowly - **OK w/ Thiazide DIuretics** - **NO dmg to kidneys**

Answer 8

**"-olol"** - Atenolol, Propanolol, Metoprolol \*\* **_B_ for Beat** \*\* SLOWS HEART BEAT (↓HR) MoA: blocks β receptors to **↓ excitability of heart** USE: **HTN**, Angina, SVT SE: ****_B_**ronchospasm** (√ airway), **↑ or ↓ HR**, gastric pain NC: - **MASKS s/sx of _Shock_ & _Hypoglycemia_ (∅ DM)** - **w/ FOOD** - Taper off slowly

Answer 9

**"-dipine"** - _Nifedipine_, _Amlodipine_, _Verapamil_ \*\* **_C_ for Cardiac** \*\* MoA: slows impulse conduction, **↓ contractility, ↓ HR** USE: **HTN**, Angina SE: **↓HR, Dizzy, Angioedema**, Renal fail NC: - **√ Edema** (facial swelling, SOB) - SR Tablets ∅ chew or break

Answer 10

**"-sartan"** - Candesartan, Lorsartan MoA: **blocks vasoconstriction** & aldosterone of Angio II USE: **HTN** SE: dizzy, GI upset, **angioedema** NC: - **√ Edema** (facial swelling, SOB)

Answer 11

**"-zosin"** - Doxazosin, Prazosin, Terazosin MoA: block α₁receptors **in BVs** ∴ cause **vasodilation** USE: **HTN**, **BPH**, **Raynaud's disease** SE: reflex tachycardia, nasal congestion NC: - **Admin 1st dose @ NIGHT** (cause fainting) - Δ positions slowly - Monitor BUN, WT, edema

Answer 12

_Hydralazine_ _Minoxidil_ - ↑ hair growth MoA: relax smooth muscles to cause vasodilation SE: **↑HR ∴ use w/ β Blocker** NC: √ HR - **HOLD HR\< 60**

Answer 13

_Clonidine_, _Methyldopa_ MoA: stim α receptors **in _medulla_** (CNS) to **↓ SNS action of heart** (↓ force, contractility, CO) USE: **HTN** SE: drowsy, sedation NC: taper off slowly

Answer 14

_Lithium_ - target blood lvl 1-1.5 _Carbamazepine_ - liver func tests _Divalproex_ (Depakote) - anticonvulsant, ∅ carbonated drinks MoA: ↓ catecholamine release & ↑ NE + Sero reuptake USE: **manic ep, MOOD STABILIZERS** SE: **GI upset, tremors, polydipsia, polyuria _Lithium Tox_** [EARLY] Fine tremors, N/V/D, drowsy, muscle weakness [LATE] Ataxia, confusion, seizures NC: - Monitor drug lvls (Lithium!!) - **W/ FOOD** + **FLUIDS**

Answer 15

_Busulfan_, _Chlorambucil_, _Cisplatin_, _Cyclophospamide_ **CHEMO**: **interfere w/ rapidly reproducing DNA** [good + bad] in hair, mucous membrane, blood (WBC, RBC) USE: **leukemia, myeloma** SE: hetapatotox, **bone marrow suppression** (↓ WBC, PLT, RBC), N/V, **Alopecia**, **Stomatitis**, **Ototox**, confusion, tremors NC: - √ Hematopoietic func - ↑ Fluids, Oral hygiene

Answer 16

_Cytarabine_, _Fluororacil 5_, _Pemetrexid_, _Methotrxate_ **CHEMO**: **resembles norm metabolites** ∴ "fool cells" to **stop cell division**; inhibit DNA polymerase USE: **ALL, colon, breast, pancreatic cancer** SE: **N/V, Bone marrow suppression**, **Alopecia**, oral ulceration NC: SAME

Answer 17

Bleomycin, Doxorubicin, Dactinomycin **CHEMO** - interferes w/ DNA & RNA syn SE: **bone marrow suppression, alopecia****, stomatitis** NC: **Admin antiemetic BEFORE**

Answer 18

_Tamoxifen_ - **antiestrogen**; bind @ estrogen receptors on malignant cells _Leuprolide_ - **progestin;** cause tumor cell regression _Testolactone_ - **androgen**; palliative care in advanced breast cancer USE: **breast cancer**, testicular cancer SE: **leukopenia** (↓ WBC), **bone pain** (d/t ↓ estrogen), **hypercacemia** NC: √ CBC, **Ca**

Answer 19

**"Vin-"** - Vinblastine, Vincristine **CHEMO** - interferes w/ **cell division** [good + bad] USE: cancers SE: **bone marrow suppression, stomatitis, alopecia, ↓ DTR** NC: - Antiemetic before chemo - **√ DTR** - **√ IV for Extravasatio**n @ site (check patency)

Answer 20

_Bromocriptine mesylate_, _Benztropine mesylate_, _Amantadine_, _Pergolide_, _Trihexyphenidyl_ (√ IOP) _Levodopa_ (precursor to DA) _Carbidopa-Levodopa_ - ∅ MAO I MoA: converts into **dopamine**, stim postsynaptic DA receptors SE: dizzy, ataxia, confusion, hemolytic anemia NC: - √ urinary retention - ANTIDOTE: **Vita B6** (large doses reverses effects) - ∅ Alcohol - **w/ FOOD**

Answer 21

MoA: blocks conversion of PT → Thrombin to **stop clotting**, **↑ bleeding** USE: Pulmonary embolis, DVT, Acute MI ROUTE: **SubQ, IV** SE: Hematuria, Hemmorrhage, Tissue irritation NC: - ANTIDOTE: **_PROTAMINE SULFATE_** (call HCP 1st) - **∅ ASA, NSAIDS** - ↑ bleeding - Monitor **_PTT_** (clotting time) → NORM (25-35 sec), **THERA (35-85 sec, 1.5-2.5X)** - LOW (not bleeding enough), OVER (bleeding too much

Answer 22

MoA: **↓ syn of vita K** clotting factors USE: Pulmonary embolism, DVT\< Acute MI ROUTE: **PO** SE: Hemmorrhage, **Alopecia** NC: - ANTIDOTE: **_VITAMIN K_** (Aquamephyton) - **START 4-5 days before D/C Heparin** - **PEAK @ 3-5 days** - **∅ ASA, NSAIDs, Vita K foods, Vita C** (↓ E), **Vita E** (↑ E) - Monitor **_PT_**: NORM (9-12 sec), **THERA (13-18, 1.5X)** - Monitor bleeding (venapuncture sites, urine

Answer 23

Ginkgo, Ginger, Garlic, Ginsing ↑ BLEEDING RISK

Answer 24

_ASA_ (Salicylates), _ADP Antagonists_, _Clopidogrel_, _Dipyradamole_, _Abciximab_, _Glycoprotein IIb & IIIa Antagonists_ MoA: interfere w/ PLT aggregation (↓ clotting) USE: **DVT**, pulmonary embolism, CVA prevention SE: **hemorrhage** (bleeding!), **thrombocytopenia**, hematuria, hemoptysis (cough blood) NC: - √ Bleeding (urine, teeth, stool) - **w/ FOOD** or **MILK** (d/t GI upset) - ∅ GGGG

Answer 25

HIGH POT: _Halperidol_, _Fluphenazine_ **[LOW sedation]** MED POT: _Perphenazine_ LOW POT: _Chlorpromazine_ **[HIGH sedation]** MoA: blocks DA in basal ganglia USE: **acute & chronic psychosis** ROUTE: inject **deep IM** SE: **↓ BP**, **NMS** (neuroleptic malignant syn), photosensitivity * *akathisia** _{(motor restlessness)} * *dyskinesia** _{(abnorm vol mvmts)} * *dystonia**_{(spasms: EARLY (tight jaw, stiff neck, swollen tongue), LATE (swollen airway))} * *parkinsonism** _{(shuffled gait, rigid muscles, ↑ salivation, tremors, mask-like expression)} * *tardive dyskinesia** _{(invol mvmts: chew, suching, tongue thrusts)} NC: - **L****owers seizure threshod** - ∅ Alcohol, Breastfeeding - **Slows child growth** - urinary retention

Answer 26

_Risperidone_, _Quetiapine_, _Ziprasidone_, _Clozapine_ MoA: interferes w/ binding of DA in brain SE: **↓ BP, Bone marrow suppression, Agranulocytosis** (LIFE THREATENING) **Extrapyramidal** - **pseudoparkinsonism**, dystonia, akinesia, tardive dyskinesia, **swollen airway Dystonia** - _EARLY_ (tight jaw, stiff neck, swollen tongue), _LATE_ (swollen airway) **Anticholinergic** - blurry vision, dry mouth, nasal congestion, C, urinary retention NC: - Δ positions slowly; sunscreen - **∅ breastfeeding**, alcohol, SUN, extremes in heat/cold - √ RBC, WBC, PLT

Answer 27

_Acetaminophen_ (Tylenol), _ASA_ (Salicylate) MoA: **antiprostaglandin** activity in **hypothalamus** (control T) to **↓ fever**, cause **vasodilation**, **antiinflamm** SE: GI irritation, **liver dysfunc** NC: - √ Liver Funcs (ACT, AST) - **∅ ASA \< 21 yo** d/t **Reye's Syn** - ∅ ASA in bleeding disorders

Answer 28

_Methimazole_, _Potassium Iodine_, _Radioactive Iodine_ \*\* **Iodine = Antagonist of Thyroid** \*\* MoA: ↓ vascularity (shrinks) thyroid USE: Hyperthyroidism SE: **leukopenia** (inf.), rash, **thrombocytopenia** (bleeding) NC: may cause burning in mouth

Answer 29

_Levothyroxoid_, _Liothyronine_ MoA: **↑ metabolic rate** of body USE: **Hypothyroidism** SE: nervousness, **↑ HR, Wt loss** NC: - **√ Wt**, Pulse, BP - **Admin in A.M.** - **↑ action of Warfarin & Antidepressants** - **↓ action of Insulin** (need ↑ dose) **& Digoxin**

Answer 30

USE: **HF, HTN**, renal disease, diabetes, ↓ osteoporosis SE: **dizzy**, dry mouth, **↓ BP, Leukopenia (↓WBC), polyuria (↑ UO),** photosensitivity, **↓ Na** NC: - **W/ FOOD, MILK in A.M.** - **↑ K FOODS** - **∅ Licorice, Aloe (↓ K)** - Do NOT admin @ Night

Answer 31

**"-thiazide"** - _Hydrochlorothiazide_, _Chlorothiazide_ MoA: inhibit reabsorption of Na + Cl in DRT SE: **↓ K + Na, ↑ Glucose**, blurry vision, **↓ BP** NC: - **√ K lvls, I&O, BUN/ Cr - W/ FOODS** - ↑ K Foods, Fluids - **∅ Gingko** (↑ BP)

Answer 32

_Spironolactone_ MoA: Blocks effect of Aldosterone on renal tubes ∴ cause **LOSS of Na + H2O**, **RETENTION of K** SE: ↑ K, ↓ Na, Hepatic/ Renal dmg, TInnitus NC: **W/ FOOD, ∅ K foods**

Answer 33

Furosemide, Ethacrynic acid MoA: inhibit reabsorption of Na + Cl SE: **↓ K + Na, ↓ BP, ↑ Glucose,** GI upset NC: - **ADMIN IV in Emergency!** - √ muscle weakness - **W/ FOOD**

Answer 34

_Mannitol_ MoA: pulls fluids from tissues d/t hypertonic effect SE: **dry mouth, thirst** NC: crystalizes @ room T ∴ ALWAYS use filter needle

Answer 35

MoA: **↑ Force** of myocardia contration, **↓ HR** USE: **L side HF** SE: **↓ HR,** ↑ HR (rebound tachy), A/N/V, **Halo vision** (halos around dark objects), Dysrhythmias NC: - **√ DIGOTIN TOX** (risk w/ hypokalemia), K lvl - **↑ K Foods!** - IV Push @ least 5 min - √ extravasation

Answer 36

_Pyrazinamide_ - **↑ uric acid (gout)** _Ethambutol_ - **√ Vision** (optic neuritis, ↓ visual acuity) _Rifampin_ - orange urine/tears/saliva, W/ FOOD _Isoniazid_ - **peripheral neuopathy** (tingling), ∅ FOOD _Streptomycin_ (Aminoglycoside) - **ototox (√ hearing)** USE: **TB** SE: **Hepatitis**, **J****aundice**, Optic neuritis,**Seizures, Peripheral neuritis** NC: - **ACTIVE TB**: _cover mouth & nose_ when coughing, wear _mask_ in crowds until **3 negative sputum collections** - **Airborne Precautions**: N95 mask - **Admin Vita B6** (prevent peripheral neuropathy, dizziness, ataxia)

Answer 37

MoA: Cytoprotective; **forms barrier around surface of ulcer** USE: **Duodenal ulcer** SE: C, dizzy (vertigo), gas NC: - **Admin 1 hr BEFORE _meals_** (∅ FOOD) - **Admin 2 hrs BEFORE or AFTER _meds_** - **∅ Antacids, H2 blockers**

Answer 38

**Stimulant Laxative**: nerve stimulation cause irritation on GI wall ∴ **stim peristalsis** and evacuation USE: **C, Dependence** NC: - **∅ MILK, ANTACIDS** - CONTRA: **abd pain, N/V, fever** - Chronic use cause HYPOkalemia

Answer 39

**STOOL SOFTENER**: soften fecal mass SE: abd cramps, D NC: - CONTRA: **abd pain, N/V, fever, Atonic bowel, N/V, GI pain** - Chronic Use cause **HYPOkalemia, Laxative dependency**, Bowel dmg, F&E imbalance

Answer 40

**OSMOTIC/ SALINE AGENT:** _HYPERtonic_ ∴ draws water INTO intestines causing soften stool & ↑ peristalsis SE: ↑ Mg, dehydration, D NC: - CONTRA: **abd pain, N/V, fever** - Chronic use cause **HYPOkalemia**, dehydration, **Laxative dependence**

Answer 41

**BULK FORMING**: absorbs water in stool to ↑ bulk, and stim peristalsis \*\* SAFEST \*\* (even w/ routine admin) SE: obstruction of GI tract NC: - **Admin w/ FULL GLASS WATER**

Answer 42

**NITRATE/ ANTIANGINAL**: relax smooth muscle, ↓ BP, ↓ myocardia O2 consumption USE: **Angina**, HTN, CHF r/t **MI** SE: **↓BP, ↑ HR, HA**, flushing, **dizzy** NC: - **sublingual** dose may repeat Q5min x 3 doses - CHECK BP - ∅ Alcohol

Answer 43

_Naproxen_, _Ibuprofen_, _Indomethacin_ _Celecoxib_ - **COX2 inhibitor**, avoid in sulfonamide allergy _Ketorolac_ MoA: **inhibit PG** (prostaglandins) USE: **Pain, Fever, Arthritis,** dysmenorrhea SE: HA, dizzy, **bleeding**, GI upset (N/V/D/C), **Fluid & Na retention** NC: - **W/ FOOD** - CONTRA: **ASA, NSAID allergies** - **√ GI bleeding** - dark stools - monitor liver func

Answer 44

**"-tidine"**- _Cimetidine_ (↑ confusion in elderly), _Ranitidine_ USE: **ULCERS** SE: **D, confusion**, dizzy, HA NC: - **Admin @ Bedtime** (suppress nocturnal acid production), **W/ MEALS** - ∅ Antacids within 1 hr of dose - ∅ alcohol, smoking, ASA, caffiene (↑ stomach acid)

Answer 45

_Aminophylline_ - ∅ coffee, tea, cola _Terbutaline_ - **short β agonist** _Ipratropium bromide_ [MDI] - **anticholinergic** _Albuterol_ - **short β agonist** _Epinephrine_ _Salmeterol_ - long β agonist, dry powder, NOT for acute bronchospasms/ exacerbations _Montelukast_ - asthma therapy, ∅ Theophylline _Acetylcysteine_ [NEB] - **mucolytic**, cough (clear airway) before admin _Cromolyn sodium_ - **mast cell stabilizer**, prevent asthma attacks & allergy rxn USE: **asthma,** bronchospasm **(COPD), bronchitis**, **emphysema** SE: **↑ HR, seizures, tremors**, pulmonary edema, anticholinergic effects (bronchodilation) NC: **aggrevate diabetes** (cause **HYPERglycemia**)

Answer 46

**"-prazole"** - Omeprazole, Lansoprazole, Pantoprazole USE: **ULCERS** SE: **D, dizzy** NC: - **Admin @ Bedtime** (suppress nocturnal acid production) - May **sprinkle on food** or **mix w/ fluid for NG tube** - ∅ alcohol, smoking, ASA, caffiene (↑ stomach acid)

Answer 47

**PG ANALOG**: **prevent** **ULCERS** caused by NSAIDs (which are PG inhibitors) SE: abd pain, D, **miscarriage** NC: ∅ alcohol, smoking, ASA, caffiene (↑ stomach acid)

Answer 48

CCB "-dipine" Antiimpotence "-afil" SSRI - Fluoxitine, Sertraline Caffiene Carbamazepine (Anticonvulsant) Buspirone (Antianxiety) Midazolam (Antianxiety)

Medications Flashcards

(72 cards)