Medications

Question 1

Ondansetron

Answer 1

Zofran
Antiemetic
For nausea/vomiting or prior to pain meds

Question 2

Midazolam

Answer 2

Versed
Sedative
Indicated for sedation/pain management, drug assisted intubation, and seizures
Contraindicated for glaucoma and coma
IV/IO bolus or IM/IN
Systolic BP must remain >90
Retrograde amnesia effect
Onset 3-`15 mins
Duration 2-6 hours

Question 3

Medications that must be infused with Alaris pump

Answer 3

Dopamine
Epinephrine
Magnesium sulfate
Levophed

Question 4

Medications that can be administered intranasally

Answer 4

Fentanyl
Glucagon
Midazolam
Naloxone

Question 5

Fentanyl

Answer 5

Fentanyl citrate
Opioid analgesic
For pain control or drug assisted intubation
Contraindicated in hypovolemia, hypotension, or head injury
IV/IO/IN
Very rapid onset, lasts 30-60 mins

Question 6

Morphine

Answer 6

Morphine sulfate
Opioid analgesic
Indicated for moderate to severe pain management
Contraindicated for hypotension or head injury
IV/IO Bolus
Rapid onset
Duration 2-7 hours

Question 7

Ketorolac

Answer 7

Pain medication

Question 8

Ketamine

Answer 8

Ketanest, Ketaset, Ketalar
Sedative
For combativeness or drug assisted intubation
IV/IO/IM Bolus
Can give to patients with systolic BP <90
Onset 1-5 mins
Duration 10-15 mins

Question 9

Lidocaine HCL

Answer 9

Lidocaine hydrochloride
Antiarrhythmic, local anesthetic
Pain management after IO insertion in conscious patients
IV/IO bolus or IV/IO infusion
Rapid onset
Duration 2-4 hours

Question 10

Atropine

Answer 10

To treat bradycardia

Can treat organophosphate exposure

Question 11

Dopamine

Answer 11

IV/IO via Alaris pump

Question 12

Epinephrine drip

Answer 12

IV/IO pump

Question 13

Amiodarone

Answer 13

150 mg/100 mL IV/IO infusion over 10 min

Question 14

Adenosine

Answer 14

6 mg rapid IV/IO + additional 6 mg if needed

Tachycardia

Question 15

Magnesium sulfate

Answer 15

Electrolyte, tocolytic, central nervous system (CNS) depressant, anticonvulsant
Indicated for seizures associated with eclampsia, and to treat Torsades de Pointes, respiratory distress, or wide complex tachycardia
Onset 3-5 mins
Duration 30 mins

Question 16

Diltiazem

Answer 16

0.25 mg/kg IV/IO (25 max) IV push over 5 min

Question 17

Acetaminophen (tablets)

Answer 17

Antipyretic

15 mg/kg by mouth (PO)

Question 18

Ibuprofen

Answer 18

Advil, Motrin, Nurofen
NSAID, non-narcotic analgesic, antipyretic
Inhibits prostaglandin synthesis (reduces inflammation, pain, and fever)
For fevers >100.2 F or inflammation
Contraindicated for active peptic ulcers and bleeding abnormalities
Onset within 30 mins, peaks at 1.5 hours
Duration up to 5 hours

Question 19

Acetaminophen (suppository)

Answer 19

1 if >12

1/2 if 6-12

Question 20

DuoNeb

Answer 20

Albuterol sulfate (Albuterol) and ipratropium bromide (Atrovent)
Bronchodilator
Ipratropium bromide produces preferential dilatation of the larger central airways, in
contrast to Albuterol sulfate, which affects the peripheral airways.
Ipratropium also dries mucus secretions.
For bronchial asthma, reversible bronchospasm associated with chronic
bronchitis and emphysema.
Contraindicated if HR>150
Nebulized
Lasts 3-4 hours, peak at 30 min- 2 hours

Question 21

Normal saline

Answer 21

Sodium chloride 0.9%
For fluid replacement due to dehydration or hypotension
Use with caution in CHF and dialysis patients
IV/IO bolus, Nebulized, or IV/IO infusion

Question 22

Thiamine

Answer 22

B1 vitamin
For Alcoholism, delirium tremens, coma of unknown origin (especially if alcohol or malnourishment may be
involved), and suspected Wernicke or Korsakoff syndrome
IV/IO/IM
Onset within a few hours, peaks in 3-5 days

Question 23

Dopamine

Answer 23

Intropin
Renal, mesenteric, and cerebral vasodilation.
Increased cardiac contractility,
cardiac output, and blood pressure.
Peripheral vasoconstriction
For significant hypotension (not secondary to hypovolemia) and symptomatic bradycardia
IV/IO infusion by Alaris pump
Onset within 5 minutes but lasts only 10-15 min

Question 24

Glucagon

Answer 24

Increases blood sugar by breaking down glycogen in liver
Inhibits GI motality
Treats hypoglycemia in patients without obtainable IV/IO access
IM/
Max activity within 30 mins
1-2 hour duration
May cause nausea/vomiting
Patients must maintain food intake next 24-48 hours because are at increased risk for hypoglycemia after taking

Question 25

Haloperidol

Answer 25

``` Haldol Antipsychotic To manage acute psychosis and combativeness Contraindicated for seizure disorders IV/IO/IM Peak effectiveness 15-45 mins Duration 4-8 hours ```

Question 26

Labetalol

Answer 26

Labetalol hydrochloride, Normodyne, Trandate Decreases BP without reflex tachycardia or significant reduction in HR For severe hypertension IV/IO bolus ] Onset within 5 mins Duration 3-5 hours

Question 27

Narcan

Answer 27

``` Naloxone hydrochloride Synthetic opioid antagonist IV/IO/IN Quick onset Duration 30-60 minutes Possible withdrawal for narcotic-dependent patients ```

Question 28

Nitroglycerin

Answer 28

Vasodilator Indicated for chest pain associated with suspected acute MI or angina pectoris Contraindicated if taken ED drugs in last 24 hours, systolic BP <90, or significant headache Sublingual Onset 1-2 mins Duration up to 30 mins

Question 29

Oxygen

Answer 29

Indicated for carbon monoxide poisoning, suspected hypoxemia, or cardiopulmonary arrest and trauma Via nasal cannula, nebulizer, non-rebreather mask or bag-valve mask Onset within secs

Question 30

Oxytocin

Answer 30

``` Pitocin Uterine stimulant Indicated for postpartum hemorrhage due to uterine atony IM or IV/IO infusion Quick onset Duration of 1 hour after discontinuation ```

Question 31

Racemic epinephrine

Answer 31

Causes vasoconstriction which results in reduced mucosal and submucosal edema, and bronchodilation that reduces airway smooth muscle spasm Indicated for severe anaphylaxis and croup Mix with 3 mL normal saline Nebulized Onset within 5 minutes Duration 1-3 hours

Question 32

Sodium bicarbonate

Answer 32

Alkalizing agent used to buffer acids present in the body during and after severe hypoxia. Indicated for metabolic acidosis due to tricyclic antidepressant overdose Contraindicated for CHF IV/IO Bolus Onset 2-10 mins Duration 30-60 mins