Medications

Question 1

Antacids

Examples:
Side Effects:
Nursing:

Answer 1

Examples: Aluminum, magnesium, calcium, sodium

Side effects: aluminum causes constipation, magnesium causes diarrhea

Nursing: avoid foods that cause GI distress

Question 2

Constipation Medications

Examples:
Side Effects:
Nursing:

Answer 2

Examples: Docusate sodium, bisacodyl, sennakot, milk of magnesia, psyllium

Side Effects: Cramps, fluid and electrolyte imbalances

Nursing: administer at bedtime, increase fluid intake, contraindicated for patients with nausea/vomiting, abdominal pain or GI obstruction

Question 3

Antiemetics

Examples:
Side Effects:
Nursing:

Answer 3

Examples: ondansetron

Side Effects: headache, dizziness, constipation, diarrhea

Nursing: give 30 to 60 minutes before chemo, avoid alcohol

Question 4

Opioid Analgesics

Examples:
Side Effects:
Nursing:

Answer 4

Examples: hydrocodone, hydromorphone, morphine, fentanyl, codeine, oxycodone, methadone

Side Effects: decreased respiration rate, hypotension, sedation, constipation, nausea (tolerance develops quickly and nausea doesn’t last), drowsiness

Nursing: Monitor for respiratory depression (keep naloxone available), topical pain meds- wait 30 minutes before washing hands

Question 5

Opioid Antagonists

Examples:
Side Effects:
Nursing:

Answer 5

Examples: naloxone

Side Effects: nausea, vomiting, v-fib

Nursing: Monitor for opioid withdrawal

Question 6

Diuretics

Examples:
Side Effects:
Nursing:

Answer 6

Examples: loop- furosemide, bumetanide
Thiazides- hydrochlorothiazide, metolazone
K sparring- spironolactone

Side Effects: Orthostatic hypotension, dehydration, hypokalemia, fluid and electrolyte imbalances, ototoxicity, muscle weakness thiazides- avoid licorice

Nursing: monitor K level, give in morning, change position slowly, add fiber in diet

Question 7

Antisecretory agents

Examples:
Side Effects:
Nursing:

Answer 7

Examples:
Histamine 2 Antagonists (dine)- famotidine, ranitidine
PPI (zole)- omeprazole, pantoprazole, lansoprazole

Side Effects: nephrotoxicity, confusion, dizziness, drowsiness, headache

Nursing: May increase anticoagulant effect of warfarin, administer 1 to 2 hours before or after antacids

Question 8

Antituberculars

Examples:
Side Effects:
Nursing:

Answer 8

Examples: rifapentine, isoniazid, rifampin, ethambutol

Side Effects: hepatotoxicity, peripheral neuropathy, diarrhea, optic neuritis

Nursing: take with meals, rifampin will produce orange colored secretions/urine, avoid aluminum containing antacids within 1 hour of isoniazid, oral contraceptives aren’t as efficient

Question 9

Antivirals

Examples:
Side Effects:
Nursing:

Answer 9

Examples: acyclovir, oseltamivir

Side Effects: anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, headache, vaginitis

Nursing: c and s needed before giving meds

Question 10

Analgesics

Examples:
Side Effects:
Nursing:

Answer 10

Examples:
Analgesics- acetaminophen
NSAIDs- ibuprofen, naproxen, ketorolac

Side Effects: hepatic toxicity, tinnitus, fluid retention, rash, flu like symptoms

Nursing: For acetaminophen do not exceed 4g/24 hours, monitor for GI bleed, avoid alcohol

Question 11

Antidiarrheals

Examples:
Side Effects:
Nursing:

Answer 11

Examples: loperamide, diphenoxylate HCl

Side Effects: tachycardia, respiratory depression, ileus, dehydration

Nursing: Monitor for fluid and electrolyte imbalances

Question 12

Antifungals

Examples:
Side Effects:
Nursing:

Answer 12

Examples: nystatin, clotrimazole

Side Effects: renal/liver/ototoxicity, teratogenic, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea

Nursing: complete full regimen

Question 13

Antihistamines

Examples:
Side Effects:
Nursing:

Answer 13

Examples: diphenhydramine, loratadine

Side Effects: “desert” effects, can’t see, can’t pee, can’t spit, can’t shit, sedation

Nursing: administer with food, gum and hard candy encouraged, contraindicated in narrow angle glaucoma

Question 13

Antilipidemics

Examples:
Side Effects:
Nursing:

Answer 13

Examples: atorvastatin, rosuvastatin, simvastatin

Side Effects: nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, diarrhea, constipation, hepatotoxicity, rhabdomyolysis, muscle weakness

Nursing: avoid grapefruit juice, monitor liver enzymes, take with evening meal

Question 13

Hypoglycemics

Examples:
Side Effects:
Nursing:

Answer 13

Examples: metformin, glimepiride, glipizide, glybyride, repaglinide

Side Effects: hypoglycemia

Nursing: monitor for hypoglycemia

Question 14

Sedatives

Examples:
Side Effects:
Nursing:

Answer 14

Examples:
Benzodiazepines (pam)- lorazepam, alprazolam, chlordiazepoxide, diazepam, clonazepam
Nonbarbiturates- buspirone, diphenhydramine, zolpidem

Side Effects: hypotension, sedation, dizziness, headache, euphoria

Nursing: avoid alcohol and caffeine

Question 15

Bronchodilators

Examples:
Side Effects:
Nursing:

Answer 15

Examples: theophylline, ipratropium, montelukast, budesonide, fluticasone

Side Effects: Tachycardia, hypertension, palpitations, dizziness, headache, dry mouth, urinary retention

Nursing: rinse mouth after, increase fluid intake

Question 16

Antibiotics

Examples:
Side Effects:
Nursing:

Answer 16

Examples: gentamicin, cefazolin, ciprofloxacin, azithromycin, amoxicillin, doxycycline, metronidazole

Side Effects: Hypersensitivity reactions, rash, anaphylaxis

Nursing: culture and sensitivity first, assess for hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, tell patient to finish medication completely

Question 17

Anticoagulants

Examples:
Side Effects:
Nursing:

Answer 17

Examples: heparin, warfarin, enoxaparin, dalteparin, clopidogrel

Side Effects: excessive bleeding, thrombocytopenia

Nursing: monitor PT/PTT/INR, notify MD of bleeding

Question 18

Antihypertensives

Examples:
Side Effects:
Nursing:

Answer 18

Examples:
Ace inhibitors (pril)- lisinopril, enalapril, ramipril
ARB (tan)-losartan, irbesartan, valsartan
BB (olol)-metroprolol, carvedilol, labetalol
CCB (amil)-amlodipine, nifedipine, diltiazem

Side Effects:
ACE- cough, hyperkalemia, teratogenic, angioedema
ARB- hyperkalemia, teratogenic
BB- affect HR, nonselective, depression, erectile dysfunction
CCB- dizziness, flushing, headache, edema, constipation, affect HR, no grapefruit

Nursing: tell patient to never stop abruptly, assessed for increased fluid volume, monitor blood pressure and heart rate

Question 19

Antineoplastics

Examples:
Side Effects:

Answer 19

Examples: methotrexate, carboplatin, cisplatin, fluorouracil

Side Effects: renal problems, GI issues, skin issues, ototoxicity, alopecia

Question 20

Factor Xa Inhibitors

Examples:
Nursing:

Answer 20

Examples (end in xaban): rivaroxaban, edoxaban

Nursing: not affected by vitamin K, routine monitoring of clotting not necessary, increase risk of intracranial bleeding, avoid taking over the counter medications that increase bleeding risk (NSAIDs, garlic, ginger)

Question 21

Thrombolytics

Examples:
Nursing:

Answer 21

Examples (plase): alteplase, reteplase, tenecteplase

Nursing: contraindicated in active bleeds, trauma, recent aneurysm, hemorrhagic stroke, uncontrolled hypertension

Question 22

Hypothyroid Medications

Examples:
Nursing:

Answer 22

Examples: levothyroxine
Nursing: don’t take with antacids, calcium or iron. Take on empty stomach in the morning, separate from other meds.

Question 23

Antiarrhythmics Examples: Side Effects: Nursing:

Answer 23

Examples: amiodarone Side Effects: pulmonary toxicity Nursing: monitor for cough

Question 24

Digoxin Side Effects: Nursing:

Answer 24

Side Effects: bradycardia Nursing: monitor Kidney levels, monitor K, don’t eat a lot of K

Question 25

Antidepressants Examples: Side Effects:

Answer 25

``` Examples: MAOIs- phenelzine, tranylcypromine Serotonin modulator- trazadone SSRI- fluoxetine, escitalopram Tricyclics- amitryptyline, nortriptyline, desipramine, imipramine ``` Side Effects: MAOIs- no aged products, restrict tyramine products Serotonin modulator- prolonged erection, hypotension, take at night, don’t drink SSRI- don’t take with MAOIs, sexual dysfunction Tricyclics- orthostatic hypotension, constipation, urinary retention, drowsiness, confusion, photosensitivity

Question 26

Antipsychotic Examples: Side Effects: Nursing:

Answer 26

Examples: Typical: haloperidol, fluphenazine Atypical: olanzapine, risperidone, ziprasidone hydrochloride Side Effects: Typical: arrhythmias, NMS- fever, muscle rigidity, altered mental status Atypical: orthostatic hypotension, NMS- fever, muscle rigidity, altered mental status Nursing:

Question 27

Antiplatelets Examples: Side Effects: Nursing:

Answer 27

Examples: clopidogrel, ticagrelor, prasugrel, aspirin Side Effects: bleeds Nursing: contraindicated in peptic ulcers, intracranial hemorrhages, active bleeding, don’t take Ginkgo

Question 28

Lithium Side Effects: Nursing:

Answer 28

Side Effects: dry mouth, thirst Toxicity: GI issues, neuro issues Nursing: drink fluids, don’t limit salt

Question 29

Stimulants Examples: Side Effects:

Answer 29

Examples: methylphenidate, amphetamines Side Effects: weight loss, hypertension, tachycardia, tics, restlessness, insomnia, addiction

Question 30

Anticonvulsants Examples: Side Effects: Nursing:

Answer 30

Examples: levetiracetam, phenytoin Side Effects: drowsiness (improves in 4-6 weeks, suicidal ideation, Steven Johnson syndrome Nursing: avoid alcohol, feedings affect absorption of phenytoin

Question 31

Carbidopa-levodopa Side Effects:

Answer 31

Side Effects: orthostatic hypotension, secretion discoloration, avoid high protein meals, takes several weeks to kick in