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Medications Flashcards

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1
Q

Aminoglycoside toxicity

A

Hearing loss (can be unilateral), some, mostly Gent can cause vertigo

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2
Q

TCA overdose

A

anticholinergic + seizures
QRS prolongation
NaBicarb to treat

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3
Q

Side effects of 2nd gen antipsychotics

A

General: weight gain, dyslipidemia, increased blood glucose.
Clozapine: severe neutropenia/blood dyscrazia

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4
Q

Direct Xa inhibitors

A

Apixaban and Rivaroxiban
Are as effective as warfarin in treatment of acute DVT or PE and do not increase the risk of bleeding. Do not require bridging therapy or lab monitor. Good for patients who aren’t compliant with warfarin. Do not use in those with severe renal impairment or DVT/PE 2/2 malignancy.

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5
Q

Tamoxifen

A

SERM for receptor+ breast cancer

Side effects: Hot flashes, VTE, Endometrial hyperplasia and possible carcinoma

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6
Q

Bupropion

A

Contraindicated in bulimia

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7
Q

Adjuvant Chemo/Rad

A

Chemo in addition to standard therapy

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8
Q

Consolidation Chemo/Rad

A

Given after induction with multiple drugs to further decrease tumor burden.

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9
Q

Induction Chemo/Rad

A

Initial treatment to decrease tumor burden.

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10
Q

Maintenance Chemo/Rad

A

Given after induction or induction/consolidation, usually a daily or scheduled dose.

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11
Q

Neoadjuvant Chemo/Rad

A

Tx given before standard therapy

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12
Q

Salvage Chemo/Rad

A

Tx given after standard therapy fails

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13
Q

Phenytoin, cabamazapine, and valproate in pregnancy

A

Infant will present with microcephaly, frontal bossing, cleft lip and palate, distal phalangeal hypoplasia, and cardiac defects.

If the mother cannot be removed from medication, it should be titrated down to the lowest therapeutic dose and high dose folate should be started.

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14
Q

Dobutamine

A

B1 agonist predominately, used in decompensated HF. Increases contractility and HR to boost CO.

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15
Q

Dangerous side effect of PTU and Methimazole

A

Agranulocytosis, once the patient presents with a fever/sore throat/low white count you should discontinue the drug.

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16
Q

Lithium labs

A

25% hypothyroidism (TSH/T4)

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17
Q

Lithium Toxicity

A

Occurs in overload, volume depletion, and drug interactions (NSAIDs, Thiazides, ACEi, tetracyclines, metronidazole)

Acute: N/V/D, followed later by confusion, agitation, ataxia, tremors/fasiculations.

Late: Just neuro side effects.

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18
Q

Side effects of thiazide diuretics

A

hyperglycemia: decrease insulin release from the pancreas.

Hyperlipidemia, hyperuricemia

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19
Q

Aspirin Toxicity

A 
Respiratory alkalosis (stimulates respiratory center)
Metabolic Acidosis (Uncouples oxidative phosphorylation --> Lactic acid)

ABG will show: decreased CO2, decreased HCO3 with near-normal pH.

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20
Q

Digoxin Toxicity

A

Life-threatening arrhythmias, anorexia, N/V, abdominal pain, fatigue, confusion, weakness, color vision changes.

Can be induced by Amiodarone, verapamil, quinindine, and propafenone

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21
Q

Cyclophosphamide black box

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A

Bladder Cancer. Toxic metabolite.

22
Q

Hydroxychloroquine class and adverse effects

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A

TNF & IL-1 suppressor, Retinopathy

23
Q

Methotrexate class and adverse effects

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A

Purine antimetabolite, Hepatotoxic, Stomatitis, cytopenias

24
Q

Leflunomide class and side effects

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A

Pyrimidine synthesis inhibitor, Hepatotoxic, cytopenias

25
Sulfasalazine class and side effects
TNF & IL-1 suppressor, hepatotoxic, stomatitis, hemolytic anemia
26
Monoclonal TNF inhibitor side effects
Infection, demyelination, CHF, malignancy
27
First Line Alcoholism drugs
Naltrexone, Acamprosate
28
Venlafaxine specific side effect
Dose-dependent HTN
29
Furosemide side effects
Hearing loss, especially in those with renal dysfunction.
30
Adverse effects of methimazole and PTU
Agranulocytosis M: teratogen in 1st trimester PTU: Hepatic failure, ANCA vasculitis
31
Epinephrine Anaphylaxis
IM first, then IV if not working.
32
Oxytocin Toxicity
Hyponatremia, hypotension, tachysystole
33
Bupropion
Norepinephrine and dopamine reuptake inhibitor Activating does not cause weight gain, no sexual side effects.
34
Epo side effect
Delayed severe HTN
35
Nitroprusside side effect
Use for longer than 24 hours can cause cyanide toxicity
36
Contraindications to olanzapine and clozapine
DM2, use ziprasidone/aripiprazole/lurasidone
37
Serum sickness-like reaction
Rash, joint tenderness, lymphadenopathy, and fever 1-2 weeks after a B lactam or sulfadrug
38
TMP associated electrolyte disturbance
Hyperkalemia
39
Beta-agonists electrolyte disturbance
transient hypokalemia
40
Succinylcholine electrolyte disturbance
hyperkalemia
41
Effects of Class I antiarrhythmics on QRS
Widen the QRS at higher heart rates
42
Iron Toxicity
Abdominal pain, hematemesis, diarrhea Anion gap metabolic acidosis, pills visualized on xray tx: deferoxamine and whole bowel irrigation
43
Fluid replacement in burns
LR, no risk of hyperchloremic metabolic acidosis as with NS
44
False positive for amphetamines
Atenolol, propranolol, Bupropion, nasal decongestants
45
False positive for PCP
Dextromethorphan, benadryl, doxylamine, ketamine, tramadol, venlafaxine
46
Nitrofurantoin lung injury
Can be with acute or chronic use Typically 3-10 days after starting Basilar cracks, pleural effusions Eosinophilia
47
OCPs can cause this in roughly 5% of users
HTN
48
Tramadol + amtidepressants
Serotonin syndrome
49
Warfarin targets in valvular disease
Mitral: 2.5-3.5 Aortic: 2-3
50
DRESS Syndrome
Reaction that usually takes place 2-8 weeks after starting new meds Drug: Allopurinol, antiepileptics Rash/Reaction: Morbilliform rash that starts on the face and spreads Eosinophilia SS: systemic symptoms, fever, malaise, LAD, kidney/liver/lung damage

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