_Anticonvulsants_ Dilantin Phenobarbital Depakote Tegretol Klonopin

- prevention of seizures (CNS depressant) - decreases Ca+ and Na+ flow across neuronal membranes S/E respiratory depression aplastic anemia gingival hypertrophy ataxia, drowsiness NSG: Do not D/C abrubtly Monitor I/O caution w medsthat lower threshhold (MAOI, antidpressants) take with food urine may be pink/brown Dilantin : IV admin too quick will cause cardiac arrest, _turns urine pink,_ do not mix with any other med Mg sulfate : asses deep tendon reflexes, respiratory arrest potential Depakote: no carbonated beverages

_MAOI's_ Nardil Parnate Marplan two-syllable

_Anti-depressant_ lower incidence of sedation and anti-cholinergic side effects avoid foods with tyramine may result in hypertensive crisis cannot use with any other MAOI, cyclic, Demerol, CNS depressants, anesthestics, many antihypertensives photosensitivity take 4 weeks do not take w cold meds, stimulants Food containing tyramine: aged cheese, aged meats, liver, wine fava beans, tofu, herring overripe fruit, avocado, bananas sauerkraut, tap beer, yogurt, peanuts Hypertensive crisis severe headache, palpitations diaphoretic, stiff neck potenital for intercranial hemmorhage

_SSRI's_ Prozac Paxil Zoloft Celexa Lexapro Luvox

_Anti-depressant_ depression OCD bulimia Side effects: anxiety, agaitiation, akathisia nausea, insomnia GI upset, appetite change, wt gain urinary retention, bowel function change Nsg: sucide precautions (ask yes/no questions) takes 4 weeks take in am

_Tricyclics_ Elavil Tofranil Norpramin -ine (generics)

_Antidepressant_ depression sleep apnea Side efffects: wt gain, sexual dysfunction sedation, confusion anticholinergic effects postural hypotension, tachycardia Nsg: monitor for suicide 2-6 weeks to work take before sleep monitor VS use sunscreen if stopped abruptly: headaches, vertigo, rapid wt change

_Heterocyclics_ Wellbutrin Trazadone

Uses: depression smoking cessation Side effects: wellbutrin: agitation trazadone: sedation Nsg: avoid alchohol avoid CNS depressants wean off slowly

Rapid acting insulin Novolog Apidra Humalog

Onset: 15 min Peak: 30-90 min duration 3-5 hrs

Short acting insulin Humulin R (generic: regular) Novolin R

Short acting regular, humulin R novolin R onset: 30-60 min peak: 2-4 hrs duration: 5-8 hrs sub-q regular: only insulin that can be given IV

Intermediate Insulin Humulin N (generic: NPH) Novolin N

Intermediate acting NPH, Humulin N Novolin N Onset 2 hrs Peak: 6-12 hrs Duration: 12-16

Oral hypoglycemics Acarbose Glyset

Action: -slows carbohydraate absorption/digestion Contra: intestinal disease due to increased flatulence

Oral hypoglycemic: 1. Prandin 2. Starlix

Action: 1. supreses gluconeogenesis in liver 2. increases muscle uptake/use of glucose Nsg: Do not mix with NPH insulin due to angina

Oral hypoglycemic: _Sulfonylreas_ glipizide glyburide

Action: Promotes release of insulin from pancreas Nsg: Very high risk of hypoglycemia in disorders w/: renal hepatic adrenal _Sulfonylreas: Highest risk of hypoglycemia_

Medications Flashcards by Ryan Ridgley

Anticonvulsants

Dilantin
Phenobarbital
Depakote
Tegretol
Klonopin

prevention of seizures (CNS depressant)
decreases Ca+ and Na+ flow across neuronal membranes

S/E

respiratory depression
aplastic anemia
gingival hypertrophy
ataxia, drowsiness

NSG:

Do not D/C abrubtly
Monitor I/O
caution w medsthat lower threshhold (MAOI, antidpressants)
take with food
urine may be pink/brown
Dilantin: IV admin too quick will cause cardiac arrest, turns urine pink, do not mix with any other med
Mg sulfate: asses deep tendon reflexes, respiratory arrest potential
Depakote: no carbonated beverages

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

MAOI’s

Nardil
Parnate
Marplan

two-syllable

Anti-depressant

lower incidence of sedation and anti-cholinergic side effects
avoid foods with tyramine
may result in hypertensive crisis
cannot use with any other MAOI, cyclic, Demerol, CNS depressants, anesthestics, many antihypertensives
photosensitivity
take 4 weeks
do not take w cold meds, stimulants

Food containing tyramine:

aged cheese, aged meats, liver, wine
fava beans, tofu, herring
overripe fruit, avocado, bananas
sauerkraut, tap beer, yogurt, peanuts

Hypertensive crisis

severe headache, palpitations
diaphoretic, stiff neck
potenital for intercranial hemmorhage

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

SSRI’s

Prozac
Paxil
Zoloft
Celexa
Lexapro
Luvox

Anti-depressant

depression
OCD
bulimia

Side effects:

anxiety, agaitiation, akathisia
nausea, insomnia
GI upset, appetite change, wt gain
urinary retention, bowel function change

Nsg:

sucide precautions (ask yes/no questions)
takes 4 weeks
take in am

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Tricyclics

Elavil
Tofranil
Norpramin
-ine (generics)

Antidepressant

depression
sleep apnea

Side efffects:

wt gain, sexual dysfunction
sedation, confusion
anticholinergic effects
postural hypotension, tachycardia

Nsg:

monitor for suicide
2-6 weeks to work
take before sleep
monitor VS
use sunscreen
if stopped abruptly: headaches, vertigo, rapid wt change

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Heterocyclics

Wellbutrin
Trazadone

Uses:

depression
smoking cessation

Side effects:

wellbutrin: agitation
trazadone: sedation

Nsg:

avoid alchohol
avoid CNS depressants
wean off slowly

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Rapid acting insulin

Novolog
Apidra
Humalog

Onset: 15 min
Peak: 30-90 min
duration 3-5 hrs

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Short acting insulin

Humulin R (generic: regular)
Novolin R

Short acting

regular, humulin R
novolin R
onset: 30-60 min
peak: 2-4 hrs
duration: 5-8 hrs
sub-q
regular: only insulin that can be given IV

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Intermediate Insulin

Humulin N (generic: NPH)
Novolin N

Intermediate acting

NPH, Humulin N
Novolin N
Onset 2 hrs
Peak: 6-12 hrs
Duration: 12-16

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Long acting insulin

Levemir
Lantus

Onset: 1 hr
Peakless
20-26 hrs

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Pre-mixed NPH (70/30)

Combo of intermediate and short acting (regular)

70% NPH
30% regular
onset: 30-60 min
peak: varies 2-12 hrs
duration 10-16 hrs

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Oral hypoglycemics

Acarbose
Glyset

Action:

-slows carbohydraate absorption/digestion

Contra:

intestinal disease due to increased flatulence

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Oral DM Meds

Metformin

Uses:

reduces gluconeogenisis
increases uptake of glucose by muscles

NSG:

W/hold 48 hr prior/post test with contrast

Contra:

severe infection
shock
hypoxic conditions

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Oral hypoglycemic:

Januvia

Action:

Promotes release of insulin
Lowers glucagon secretions
Slows gastric emptying

Nsg:

use caution w/ renal impariment
lower dose

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Oral hypoglycemic:

Prandin
Starlix

Action:

supreses gluconeogenesis in liver
increases muscle uptake/use of glucose

Nsg:

Do not mix with NPH insulin due to angina

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Oral hypoglycemic:

Sulfonylreas

glipizide
glyburide

Action:

Promotes release of insulin from pancreas

Nsg:

Very high risk of hypoglycemia in disorders w/:

renal
hepatic
adrenal

Sulfonylreas: Highest risk of hypoglycemia

How well did you know this?

Not at all

Perfectly

Oral hypoglycemics:

Actos

Avandia

Study These Flashcards

Action:

Decrease insulin resistance

Nsg:

High risk of CHF due to fluid retention

SIde effects of hypoglyvemic oral agents

Study These Flashcards

hypoglycemia
allergic skin reactions
GI upset
hypotension
bronchospasm

Nsg:

take before breakfast
moniotr BG levels
no alchohol

Increase effectiveness of meds: may casue hypoglycemia:

aspirin
sulfanomides
alcohol
oral BC pills
MAOI’s

Treating hypoglycemia

Study These Flashcards

glucagon

may repeat in 15 min

give carbs orally to prevent secondaty hypoglycemic reactions

Antidiarrheals

Kaopectate
Lomotil
Imodium

Study These Flashcards

slows paristalsis
increases tone of sphincter

S/E:

constipation
antichoiilnergic s/e

Nsg:

do not use with abdominal pain
monitor urinary retention
give 2 before or 3 h after other meds
encourage fluids

Antiemtics

phenergan
reglan
zofran
tigan
marinol

Study These Flashcards

increase GI motiltiy, reduces vomiting

S/E:

sedation
anticholinergic s/e

Nsg:

before chemo
may cause Rye’s syndrome when used in conjunction with viral infections

Antifungals

fungizone (Amphotericin B)
mycostatin

Study These Flashcards

impairs cell membrane

Uses:

candidiasis
oral thrush
histoplasmosis

S/E:

heptotoxicity
thrombocytopenia: bleeding risk
leuokopenia: infection risk
pruitis

Nsg:

give with food
monitor LFT’s
oral care

Antigout Meds

allopurinol
colchine (acute phases only)
probenacid (increases action of Cipro) (chronic)

Study These Flashcards

-decreases production and resorption of uric acid

S/E:

agranulocytosis
GI upset
renal calculi

Nsg:

monitor for renal calculi
give w milk/food, anatacids
-encourage fluids

Antihistamines

chlor-trimeton
benadryl
phenergan
loratadine

Study These Flashcards

allergic rhinitis
blood alergies

S/E:

drowsiness
anticholinergic se
photsnesitvity
-w/ food
use sunscreen
assess respiration
mouth care

antihyperlipidemic meds

-lower cholesterol

Lipitor (stain)
Prstor (statin)
Questran (ocks absorptif cholesterol_

Study These Flashcards

elevated LDL
cardiovasular disease
statins inhibit sythesis of chlesterol

S/E:

constipation
fat-soluble vitamin deficinecy
take 30 min ac or take at hs
adminsiter 1hr before meds
or 4-6 hrs after meds
DO NOT COMBINE W OTHER MEDS
*

K+ increasing meds K-BANK

* K+ sparing diuretic * beta blockers * ace inhibitors * NSAID's * K supplements

Anti-hypertensives ACE inhibitors: (pril/ all hctz) * benazepril * lisinopril * quinapril * enalapril

* A= arteries * effect arteries in body by blocking vasoconstricttion * blocks ACE in lungs ***_vasodilators_*** * HTN * CHF S/E: * GI upset * orto hypotension * dizziness * lethargy at firt, goes away * change position slowly Nsg: -give 1 hr ac of 3 hr pc

Beta blockers (olol) * atenolol * nadolol * propranolol

B=Beats (heart) * slows heart rate * decreases oxygen consumption * used for HTN, angina SVT (supraventriculartachycardia) S/E: * slows HR * hypotension * ***bronchospasm (B=broncospasm)*** Nsg: * may masks signs of shock/hypoglycemia (caution w DM) * take with food * don not stop abruptly * not as effective with blacks

Antihypertensive Ca+ channel blockers (ipines) * procardia (nifedipine) * calan * cardizem * norvasc (amlodipine)

* slows movement of Ca+ into smooth muscle * aterial dialtion * decreased BP Uses: * angina * HTN * interstitial cystitis * Afib,flutter, SVT (Calan/Cardizem only) S/E: * ortho hypotension * renal failure * angioedema * peripheral edema * constipation Contra: * caution w digoxin and beta blockers * heart failure, block, brady * no grapefruit * do not open/crush, etc

Antihypertensives Angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) (sartan) * losartan * valsartan * irbesartan

* blocks vasocontriction and aldosterone effects * vasodilator Uses: * HTN * heart failure * MI * diabetic neurapthy * stroke prevention S/E: * hypotension * dizziness * GI distress * do not chew, break open SR's

Antihypertensives Alpha1 adrenergic blockers (zosin) * doxazosin * prazosin

* peripheral vasodilation * lowers B/P Uses: * primary HTN * BPH (doxazosin) S/E: * reflex tachycardia * orthostatic hypotension/***snycope*** * ***nasal congestion*** Nsg: * 1st dose hs to avoid fainting * renal: monitor BUN, weight, edema

Antihypertensives Centrally acting Alpha-2 agonists * clonidine * guanfacine * methyldopa

* reduce peripheral vascular resistance * ***reduce HR _and_ BP*** Uses: * HTN * hypertensive crisis * severe cancer pain S/E: * ortho hypotension * ***sedation*** * ***dry mouth*** * leukopenia * black/sore tongue Nsg: * take at hs * do not stop abruptly * monitor for fluid retention * may be used with other anti-HTH meds * ***contra: MAOI's, anticoags, hepatic failure*** * do not use during lactation

Antihypertensives Direct acting vasodilators * apresoline * minoxidil

* relaxes smooth msucle peripherally * HTN S/E: * tachycarida * used with beta blockers * increase in body hair * check pulse for brady

**_Bipolar meds_** * lithium * tegretol * depakote (anti-convuslant)

reduces catecholamine relaese Uses: * manic episodes * GI upset * polydipsia/polyuria * with meals * tremors **_Lithium (salt)_** * frequent doasge change * range: 1.0-2.0 * blood drawn q2-3 wekks * encourage fluids (3000 mL) * monitor Na levels, kidneys * NSAIDS/aspirin increase levels **_Tegretol/Depakote_** mood stabilizer given over entire cascde (manic/depressive) kidney functions (BUN/LFTS)

**Antineoplastics**

* work on rapidly producing cells * hair * mucous membranes * blood

Chemo Meds **_Alkylating agents_** busulfan cyclophosphamide

uses: * leukemia * multiple myleoma S/E: * ***hepatoxicity*** * bone marrow supresssion * neutropenia/leukopenia/thromboctopneia * bleeding, ecchymossis, epitaxis * N&V, stomatitis,anorexia, diarrhea * alopecia, infertiltiy Nsg: * WBC count * limit visitors * force fluids * mouth/skin care

Chemo Meds **_Antimetabolites_** * 5-FU (flourouracil) * methotrexate

* acute lymphatic leukemia * cancer of colon * breast * pancreas S/E: * N&V (stimulates vomiting center) * oral ulceration * bone marrow suppression * alopecia Nsg: * monitor hematopoietic function * mouth care * **body image changes** * infection risk * SOB * air hunger * bleeding

Chemo Meds **Antitumor antibiotics** * Adriamycin * Bleomycin * Actinomycin D

All cancers S/E: * bone marrow suppression * alopecia * antiemitic meds prophylaxis * O2 consumpotion (not eneogh RBC's to carry O2)

Medications Flashcards

(37 cards)