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Medications Quiz Flashcards

(37 cards)

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1
Q

Adrenaline

  • Basic pharmacology
    (type/action)
  • Indications
  • Contraindications
A
  • Basic pharmacology
    (type/action)

Sympathomimetic

Stimulates the ALPHA and BETA receptors of the sympathetic nervous system to produce the “Fight or Flight” reaction

ALPHA stimulation causes peripheral vasoconstriction. It raises the perfusion pressure of vital organs during cardiac arrest and it decreases capillary permeability and increases blood pressure in anaphylaxis

BETA 1 stimulation causes increased myocardial excitability, tachycardia and increased myocardial contractility

BETA 2 stimulation causes bronchodilation

  • Indications

C3 - Cardiac arrest

C7 - Bradycardia

C6 - Cardiogenic shock

M4 - Asthma

M16 - Anaphylaxis & Allergic Reactions

M7 - Croup

OP4 - Newborn resuscitation

C16 - Return of Spontaneous Circulation

  • Contraindications

Nill

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2
Q

Amiodarone

  • Basic pharmacology
    (type/action)
  • Indications
  • Contraindications
A
  • Basic pharmacology
    (type/action)

Antiarrhythmic

Slows the sinus rate and increases the refractory period of the AV node
Decreases peripheral vascular resistance

  • Indications

C3 - Cardiac Arrest

C8 - Dysrhythmias - Tachycardia

  • Contraindications

Torsades De Pointes

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3
Q

Aspirin

  • Basic pharmacology
    (type/action)
  • Indications
  • Contraindications
A
  • Basic pharmacology
    (type/action)

Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory

Inhibits platelet aggregation thereby limiting thrombus enlargement in acute coronary syndrome

Reduces production of prostaglandins thereby relieving pain and fever

  • Indications
    ACS
  • Contraindications

Allergy or hypersensitivity to aspirin

Active, suspected or known bleeding tendency

Patients < 16 years of age

Patients meeting protocol T1 trauma criteria

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4
Q

Atropine

  • Basic pharmacology
    (type/action)
  • Indications
  • Contraindications
A
  • Basic pharmacology
    (type/action)

Anticholinergic

Antagonises the parasympathetic effects of acetylcholine on muscarinic receptors resulting in:

Increased heart rate via increasing intrinsic rate of the sino-atrial node and conduction through the atrio-ventricular node

Reducing smooth muscle contraction resulting in pupillary dilation, reduced gastrointestinal motility and reduced bladder tone

Blocks exocrine gland activity causing decreased salivary, bronchial, gastric and sweat secretions

  • Indications

C7 - Dysrhythmias - Bradycardia

DT7 - Organophosphates

DT5 - Nerve Agent Poisoning

  • Contraindications

NILL

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5
Q

Benzyl Penicillin

  • Basic pharmacology
    (type/action)
  • Indications
  • Contraindications
A
  • Basic pharmacology
    (type/action)

Narrow spectrum antibiotic

  • Indications

M13 - Meningococcal disease

  • Contraindications

Life threatening allergic reaction to penicillin

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6
Q

Calcium Gluconate

  • Basic pharmacology
    (type/action)
  • Indications
  • Contraindications
A
  • Basic pharmacology
    (type/action)

Electrolyte

Antagonises the effect of hyperkalaemia on the heart

  • Indications

Hyperkalaemia

  • Contraindications

NILL

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7
Q

Clopidogrel

  • Basic pharmacology
    (type/action)
  • Indications
  • Contraindications
A
  • Basic pharmacology
    (type/action)

Platelet Receptor Antagonist

Clopidogrel is a specific and potent inhibitor or platelet aggregation and limits propagation of thrombus by selectively inhibiting the binding of ADP to its platelet receptor

Clopidogrel is absorbed from the stomach and upper small bowel and begins to inhibit platelet function within 30 minutes

  • Indications

Cardiac Reperfusion - Prehospital Thrombolysis

  • Contraindications

Active, suspected or known bleeding tendency

Allergy or hypersensitivity to clopidogrel

Any exclusion via Prehospital Thrombolysis Checklist (R21)

Patients < 18 years of age

Pregnancy or breast feeding

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8
Q

Compound Sodium Lactate

  • Basic pharmacology
    (type/action)
  • Indications
  • Contraindications
A
  • Basic pharmacology
    (type/action)
  • Indications

C6 - Cardiogenic Shock

C9 - Hyperkalaemia

E2 - Diving Emergencies

M8 - Dehydration

M22 - Hyperglycaemia

M25 - Medical Hypoperfusion/Hypovolaemia

M13 - Meningococcal Disease

M16 - Anaphylaxis & Allergic Reactions

M23 - Sepsis

OP4 - Newborn Resuscitation

T10 - Traumatic
Hypovolaemia

T23 - Trauma in Pregnancy (with any key sign of shock)

T12 - Burns

T15 - Crush Injuries & Trapped Patients

T20 - Traumatic Cardiac Arrest

  • Contraindications

NILL

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9
Q

Droperidol

  • Basic pharmacology
    (type/action)
  • Indications
  • Contraindications
A
  • Basic pharmacology
    (type/action)
  • Indications

CPG Indications

Behavioural disturbance (CPG BD1).

Protocol Indications

Palliative care (S9).

  • Contraindications

Allergy or hypersensitivity to droperidol.

Patients < 6 years of age.

Patients with Parkinson’s disease.

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10
Q

Enoxaparin Sodium

  • Basic pharmacology
    (type/action)
  • Indications
  • Contraindications
A
  • Basic pharmacology
    (type/action)
  • Indications

Cardiac Reperfusion - Prehospital Thrombolysis

  • Contraindications

Allergy or hypersensitivity to enoxaparin sodium

Any exclusion per Prehospital Thrombolysis Checklist (R21)

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11
Q

Fentanyl

  • Basic pharmacology
    (type/action)
  • Indications
  • Contraindications
A
  • Basic pharmacology
    (type/action)
  • Indications

Agitation in the trauma and critically ill patient (CPG BD2).

Analgesia (CPG OT1).

  • Contraindications

Epistaxis or occluded nasal passages (IN route).

Previous or known allergy or adverse reaction.

Pregnant women ≥ 20 weeks gestation in labour.

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12
Q

Fexofenadine

  • Basic pharmacology
    (type/action)
  • Indications
  • Contraindications
A
  • Basic pharmacology
    (type/action)

Anti-histamine

  • Indications

Anaphylaxis & Allergic Reactions (localised, mild allergic reactions only)

  • Contraindications

Allergy or hypersensitivity to fexofenadine

Patients < 12 years of age

Previous administration of fexofenadine within 24 hours

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13
Q

Frusemide

  • Basic pharmacology
    (type/action)
  • Indications
  • Contraindications
A
  • Basic pharmacology
    (type/action)

Diuretic

A potent loop diuretic which produces increased urine output by inhibiting renal sodium reabsorption

  • Indications

Cardiogenic Pulmonary Oedema

  • Contraindications

BP < 100mmHg systolic

Patients < 16 years of age

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14
Q

Glucagon

  • Basic pharmacology
    (type/action)
  • Indications
  • Contraindications
A
  • Basic pharmacology
    (type/action)

Pancreatic hormone

Converts liver glycogen to glucose. Glucagon may not be effective if glycogen is depleted due to starvation or chronic liver disease

  • Indications

M16 - Anaphylaxis and Allergic Reactions

M21 - Hypoglycaemia

  • Contraindications

NILL

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15
Q

Glucose 10%

  • Basic pharmacology
    (type/action)
  • Indications
  • Contraindications
A
  • Basic pharmacology
    (type/action)
  • Indications
    M21 - Hypoglycaemia

OP4 - Newborn Resuscitation

  • Contraindications

NILL

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16
Q

Glucose Gel

  • Basic pharmacology
    (type/action)
  • Indications
  • Contraindications
Study These Flashcards
A
  • Basic pharmacology
    (type/action)
  • Indications

Hypoglycaemia

  • Contraindications

↓ LOC or altered gag reflex

17
Q

GTN

  • Basic pharmacology
    (type/action)
  • Indications
  • Contraindications
Study These Flashcards
A
  • Basic pharmacology
    (type/action)

Vasodilator

Dilates coronary arteries

Dilates systemic veins and arteries

Decreases preload, afterload and blood pressure

  • Indications

C1 - Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS)

C5 - Cardiogenic Pulmonary Oedema (CPO)

M15 - Autonomic dysreflexia

  • Contraindications

BP < 90mmHg systolic
Pulse rate < 50/min or > 150/min

Patients < 16 years of age
Use of drugs to treat erectile dysfunction:

Sildenafil (Viagra®) or Vardenafil (Levitra®) within 24 hours
Tadalafil (Cialis®) within 96 hours

18
Q

Hydrocortisone

  • Basic pharmacology
    (type/action)
  • Indications
  • Contraindications
Study These Flashcards
A
  • Basic pharmacology
    (type/action)

Glucocorticoid drug that reduces inflammation and suppresses immune response.

  • Indications

Protocol Specific Indication/s

Protocol M4 - Asthma.

Protocol M16 - Anaphylaxis & Allergic Reactions.

Protocol M19 - COPD Exacerbation.

Protocol M24 - Adrenal Crisis.

  • Contraindications

Known or suspected allergy to corticosteroids, sodium succinate or sodium phosphate.

Active peptic ulcer disease.

19
Q

Ibuprofin

  • Basic pharmacology
    (type/action)
  • Indications
  • Contraindications
Study These Flashcards
A
  • Basic pharmacology
    (type/action)

Ibuprofen possesses analgesic, antipyretic anti-inflammatory properties.

The mechanism of action is unknown, but is thought to be through peripheral inhibition of cyclooxygenases and subsequent prostaglandin synthetase inhibition.

  • Indications

Analgesia (CPG OT1).

  • Contraindications

Allergy or adverse drug reaction to NSAIDs.

Current GI bleeding or peptic ulcers.

Patients with asthma who have a history of wheeze with NSAIDs or who have never had NSAIDs before.

Dehydration or hypovolaemia.

Renal impairment.

Pregnancy.

Severe heart failure.

Patients <7 years of age.

Concurrent anticoagulant use.

20
Q

Influenza Vaccine

  • Basic pharmacology
    (type/action)
  • Indications
  • Contraindications
Study These Flashcards
A
  • Basic pharmacology
    (type/action)
  • Indications

Influenza prophylaxis for NSW Ambulance staff

Administration to the general public during an influenza pandemic, only under the express approval of the NSW Ministry of Health, Chief Health Officer

  • Contraindications

Allergy or hypersensitivity to influenza vaccine

Known anaphylactic hypersensitivity to egg proteins, chicken proteins or any other vaccine component (e.g. neomycin)

Acute febrile illness

21
Q

Ipatropium Bromide

  • Basic pharmacology
    (type/action)
  • Indications
  • Contraindications
Study These Flashcards
A
  • Basic pharmacology
    (type/action)

Anticholinergic bronchodilator

Bronchodilation

Blocks vagal reflexes which mediate bronchoconstriction

Synergistic when used in combination with salbutamol

  • Indications

To relieve bronchospasm

M4 - Asthma

M19 - COPD Exacerbation

  • Contraindications

Patients < 6 months of age

Allergy or hypersensitivity to ipratropium bromide

Glaucoma

22
Q

Ketamine

  • Basic pharmacology
    (type/action)
  • Indications
  • Contraindications
Study These Flashcards
A
  • Basic pharmacology
    (type/action)

Ketamine antagonises N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptors; also interacts with muscarinic receptors, descending monoaminergic pain pathways, voltage-sensitive calcium channels and opioid receptors in brain and spinal cord.

  • Indications

CPG Indications

Agitation in the trauma and critically ill patient (CPG BD2).
Analgesia (CPG OT1).

Behavioural disturbance (CPG BD1).

Protocol Specific Indications

Cardiac arrest (C3).

  • Contraindications

Allergy or hypersensitivity to ketamine.

Patients < 6 years of age.

Suspected ACS or acute heart failure.

23
Q

Lignocaine

  • Basic pharmacology
    (type/action)
  • Indications
  • Contraindications
Study These Flashcards
A
  • Basic pharmacology
    (type/action)

Blocks sodium channels reducing ventricular excitability and pain transmission

  • Indications

C3 - Cardiac Arrest

C17 - Torsades de Pointes

Post intraosseous procedure pain (2% preparation only)

Local anaesthesia of the skin prior to cannulation (1% preparation only)

  • Contraindications

Allergy or hypersensitivity to lignocaine

24
Q

Methoxyflourine

  • Basic pharmacology
    (type/action)
  • Indications
  • Contraindications
Study These Flashcards
A
  • Basic pharmacology
    (type/action)

Central nervous system depressant.

  • Indications

Analgesia (CPG OT1).

  • Contraindications

Malignant hyperthermia.

Head injury or loss of consciousness.

Patients < 1 year of age.

25
Metaclopramide - Basic pharmacology (type/action) - Indications - Contraindications
- Basic pharmacology (type/action) Anti-nauseant and anti-emetic - Indications M6 - Nausea & Vomiting T13 - Eye Injuries - Contraindications Suspected bowel obstruction Suspected or known haematemesis or melaena Previous history of extrapyramidal / dystonic reaction Allergy or hypersensitivity to metoclopramide Patients < 16 years of age Patients with Parkinson’s Disease
26
Midazolam - Basic pharmacology (type/action) - Indications - Contraindications
- Basic pharmacology (type/action) Blocks central dopamine receptors - Indications - Contraindications
27
Morphine - Basic pharmacology (type/action) - Indications - Contraindications
- Basic pharmacology (type/action) Opioid analgesics act on receptors in the CNS and GIT producing analgesia, respiratory depression, sedation and constipation. They act mainly at mu-opioid receptors in the CNS, reducing transmission of the pain impulse, and by modulating the descending inhibitory pathways from the brain. - Indications CPG Indications Analgesia (CPG OT1). Protocol Indications Dysrhythmias - Bradycardia (C7). Palliative care (S9). Return of spontaneous circulation (ROSC) (C16). - Contraindications Allergy or hypersensitivity to morphine. Neonates <40 weeks (corrected) age. Pregnant women ≥20 weeks gestation in labour. Kidney disease (renal failure).
28
Naloxone - Basic pharmacology (type/action) - Indications - Contraindications
- Basic pharmacology (type/action) Opioid antagonist - Indications DT6 - Opioids - Contraindications Neonates born to opioid addicted mothers due to risk of inducing opioid withdrawal
29
Olanzapine - Basic pharmacology (type/action) - Indications - Contraindications
- Basic pharmacology (type/action) Olanzapine is an atypical antipsychotic, anti-manic and mood stabilising agent. It has antagonist properties across a number of receptor sites, particularly serotonin (5HT2A/2C, 5HT3, 5HT6), dopamine (D1, D2, D3, D4, D5) , and cholinergic muscarinic receptors. - Indications Behavioural disturbance - Contraindications Known hypersensitivity to olanzapine or to any other excipients in olanzapine orally disintegrating tablets (Mannitol, microcrystalline cellulose, carmellose calcium, sucralose, magnesium stearate, colloidal anhydrous silica).
30
Ondansatron - Basic pharmacology (type/action) - Indications - Contraindications
- Basic pharmacology (type/action) Blocks central and peripheral 5-HT3 receptors - Indications M6 - Nausea & Vomiting T13 - Eye Injuries - Contraindications Concurrent apomorphine administration Allergy or hypersensitivity to ondansetron Patients < 2 years of age
31
Oxygen - Basic pharmacology (type/action) - Indications - Contraindications
- Basic pharmacology (type/action) - Indications Patients with an SpO2 of ≤ 94 on room air to maintain SpO2 > 94% Indications with specific SpO2 targets: C1 - Acute coronary syndrome M14 - Dyspnoea M19 - COPD Exacerbation Hypoxia Indications for 100% oxygen administration C3 - Cardiac arrest / Respiratory arrest E2 - Diving Emergencies DT3 - Carbon Monoxide OL6 - Prolapsed Umbilical Cord Cyanide poisoning Indications for 100% oxygen administration via IPPV C5 - Cardiogenic Pulmonary Oedema Drive gas for the administration of nebulised medications - Contraindications Paraquat poisoning if SpO2 > 90% on room air Concurrent use with methoxyflurane except when administering oxygen via nasal prongs
32
Oxytocin - Basic pharmacology (type/action) - Indications - Contraindications
- Basic pharmacology (type/action) Synthetic Oxytocic Oxytocin stimulates receptors in the uterus to cause the muscle fibres to contract. When given after the birth, the stimulation causes contractions that aid in shortening the time of the third stage of labour and also decreases the risk of a postpartum haemorrhage. It does this by using the contractions to detach the placenta from the uterine wall and the continued contraction of the uterine fibres help to expel any blood or clots in the uterine cavity. When given to treat a postpartum haemorrhage its main aim is to increase the amount of contractions to help with minimising blood loss - Indications OP1 - Maternal post-partum care OP2 - Post-partum haemorrhage - Contraindications Allergy or hypersensitivity to oxytocin
33
Paracetamol - Basic pharmacology (type/action) - Indications - Contraindications
- Basic pharmacology (type/action) Whilst not fully determined, mechanisms involved in its analgesic effect may include inhibition of central prostaglandin synthesis and modulation of inhibitory descending serotonergic pathways. - Indications CPG Indications Analgesia (CPG OT1). Non-CPG Indications Fever. - Contraindications Allergy or hypersensitivity to paracetamol. Liver failure. Patients < 7 years old. Multiple previous doses: Does administered within the previous 4 hours. Total dose of 4 g (8 tablets) within the previous 24 hours for patients ≥ 12 years of age. Total dose of 2 g (4 tablets) within the previous 24 hours for patients 7 to 12 years of age.
34
Atropine Auto Injector - Basic pharmacology (type/action) - Indications - Contraindications
- Basic pharmacology (type/action) - Indications DT5 - Nerve Agent Poisoning - Contraindications Patients < 6 year of age
35
Salbutamol - Basic pharmacology (type/action) - Indications - Contraindications
- Basic pharmacology (type/action) Sympathomimetic Stimulates Beta 2 receptors in bronchial smooth muscle resulting in bronchodilation - Indications Relieve bronchospasm M4 - Asthma M19 - COPD Exacerbation M16 - Anaphylaxis & Allergic Reactions S9 - Palliative Care - Contraindications NILL
36
Sodium Bicarbonate - Basic pharmacology (type/action) - Indications - Contraindications
- Basic pharmacology (type/action) Alkalinising Solution Reverses metabolic acidosis by buffering hydrogen ions Reduces plasma potassium by altering pH and causing intracellular movements of potassium ions Alters protein binding of tricyclics by acting on trans-membrane sodium channels - Indications C9 - Hyperkalaemia DT9 - Tricyclic antidepressants - Contraindications NILL
37
Tenectoplase - Basic pharmacology (type/action) - Indications - Contraindications
- Basic pharmacology (type/action) Recombinant Tissue Plasminogen activating agent - Indications Cardiac reperfusion - Prehospital Thrombolysis (PHT) - Contraindications Any exclusion via Prehospital Thrombolysis Checklist (R21) Patients < 18 years of age

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