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pharma test > Medications__Top 200 Drugs__By Drug Class (About 20%) > Flashcards

Medications__Top 200 Drugs__By Drug Class (About 20%) Flashcards

1
Q

Angiotensin Converting Enzyme (ACE) Inhibitors

A

Common Indications: Hypertension, Heart Failure

Side Effects: Cough, Increas potassium, hypotension, angioedema (face swell)

Hints: End in“pril” A Coughing Enzyme

Top 200 egs:
Lotensin/benazepril
Vasotec/enalapril
Zestril/lisinopril
Altace/ramipril
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2
Q

Beta blockers

A

Common Indications: Hypertension, Heart Failure

Side Effects: Bradycardia, hypotension

Hints: end “lol”

Top 200 egs:
Tenormin/atenolol
Coreg/carvedilol
Lopressor/metoprolol tartrate
Toprol XL/ metoprolol succinate
Bystolic/nebivolol
Inderal/propranolol
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3
Q

Calcium channel blockers

A

Common Indications: Hypertension

Side Effects: Hypotension (low blood press), Bradycardia (low heart rate) = diltiazem verapamil only

Top 200 egs:
Norvasc/amlodipine
Cardizem/diltiazem
Verelan, Calan/verapamil
Lotrel/amlodipine benazepril
Procardia/Nifedipine
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4
Q

Alpha antagonists

A

Common Indications: Hypertension

Side Effects: Hypotension (low blood press)

Top 200 egs:
Catapres/clonidine

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5
Q

Diuretics (“water pills”)

A

Common Indications: Hypertension, heart failure

Side Effects: Hypotension, electrolyte changes

Hints: ends w/ “ide” or “one”. Known as water pills.

Top 200 egs:
Thalitone/chlorthalidone
Lasix/furosemide
Microzide/hydrochlorothiazide
Dyazide/HCTZ-triamterene
Aldactone/spironolactone
Zestoretic/lisinopril-HCTZ
Hyzaar/ losartan-HCTZ
Diovan HCT/Valsartan-HCTZ
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6
Q

Vasodilators

A

Class: Vasodilators

Common Indications: heart failure, angina

Side Effects: Hypotension, headache

Top 200 egs:
Apresoline/hydralazine
Imdur/isosorbide mononitrate
Nitrostat/nitroglycerin sublingual
Nitro-dur/ nitroglycerin transdermal
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7
Q

Cardiac Glycosides

A

Common Indications: atrial filibratre (irregular heartbeat), heart failure

Side Effects: Digoxin toxicity (bradycardia), arrythimia, vision loss

Hints: Digoxin is a toxin

Top 200 egs:
Digitex/digoxin

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8
Q

Anti- arrythmic meds

A

Common Indications: various arrythmias

Side Effects: arrythmia

Top 200 egs:
Cordarone/amiodarone
Injectible lidocaine

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9
Q

Anti-platelet drugs

A

Common Indications: prevent heart attacks, stroke

Side Effects: bleed, bruise

Top 200 egs:
Ecotrin/aspirin
Plavix/clopidogrel
Brilinta/ticagrelor

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10
Q

Anticoagulants

A

Common Indications: treat/prevent blood clots, heart attacks, stroke.

Side Effects: bleed, bruise

Top 200 egs:
Eliquis/apixaban
Pradaxa/dabigatran
Xarelto/rivaroxaban
Coumadin/warfarin
Injectables: Lovenox/enoxaparin – heparin
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11
Q

Antithrombotics

A

Common Indications: treat/prevent blood clots, stroke.

Side Effects: bleed, bruise

Top 200 egs:
Activase/”T-PA”

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12
Q

Class: Statins (most common)

A

Common Indications: Hypercholesterolemia

Side Effects: Myalgias (muscle pain), rhabdomyolysis (serious!! = liver probs)

Hints: End in “statin”

Top 200 egs:
Lipitor/atorvastatin
Lescor/fluvastatin
Mevacor/lovastatin
Pravahol/Pravastatin
Crestor/rosuvastatin
Zocor/simvastatin
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13
Q

Class: Fibric acid derivatives (fibrates)

A

Common Indications: Hypercholesterolemia

Side Effects: Myalgias (muscle pain), rhabdomonyolysis (serious!! = liver probs)

Hints: Contain “fib”

Top 200 egs:
Tricor/fenofibrate
Trilipx/fenofibric acid
Lopid/gemfibrozil

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14
Q

Class: Erythropoiesis Stimulate agents (ESAs)

A

Common Indications: Anemia

Side Effects: Blood Clots, Cancer

Hints: Contains “epo”

Top 200 egs:
Aranesp/darbepoetin
Procrit/epoetin alfa

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15
Q

Class: Biguanides (most common class)

A

Common Indications: Diabetes

Side Effects: Lactic Acidosis

Top 200 egs:
Glucophage/metformin

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16
Q

Class: Sulfonylureas

A

Common Indications: Diabetes

Side Effects: Hypoglycemia (low blood sugar), wgt. gain

Top 200 egs:
Glucotrol/glipizide
Amaryl/gliepiride
Glynase/glyburide

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17
Q

Class: Thiazolidinediones

A

Common Indications: Diabetes

Side Effects: Fluid retention

Hint: end in “glitazone”
Top 200 egs:
Actos/pioglitazone
Avandia/rosiglitazone

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18
Q

Class: DPP-4 Inhibitors

A

Common Indications: Diabetes

Side Effects: ????

Hint: end in “gliptin”

Top 200 egs:
Nesima/alogliptin
Tradjenta/linagliptin
Onglyza/saxagliptin
Januvia/sitagliptin
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19
Q

Class: GLP-1 Receptor Agonists

A

Common Indications: Diabetes

Side Effects: gastrointestinal probs

Hint: end in “tide”
Top 200 egs:
Byetta/exenatide
Victoza/liraglutide

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20
Q

Class: SGLT-2 Inhibitors

A

Common Indications: Diabetes

Side Effects: ????

Hint: end in “gliflozin”
Top 200 egs:
Invokana/canagliflozin
Farxiga/dapagliflozin
Jardiance/empagliflozin
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21
Q

Class: Glinides

A

Common Indications: Diabetes

Side Effects: Gastrointest

Top 200 egs:
Starlix/Nate glinide
Prandin/repaglinide

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22
Q

Class: Insulin (natural body hormone)

A

Common Indications: Diabetes

Side Effects: hypoglycemia (low blood sugar), wgt gain

Top 200 egs:
Novolog/insulin aspart

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23
Q

Thyroid Replacement Drugs

A

Common Indications: Hypothyroidism (not enuf thyroid hormone)

Side Effects: need close monitor of thyroid

Hint: include “thyr”

Top 200 egs:
Synthroid/levothyroxine
Armour thyroid/thyroid

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24
Q

Contraceptives

A

Common Indications: reduce pregnancy %

Side Effects: breakthru bleed, blood clots

Hint: include “estra” 2nd ingred

Top 200 egs:
Ethynyl estradiol/desogestre
Ethynyl estradiol/drospirenone
Ethynyl estradiol/etonogestrel
Ethinyl estradiol/levenorgestrel
Ethinyl estradiol/norethindrone
Ethinyl estradiol/norgestimate norethindrone
25
Q

Other female hormones

A

Common Indications: manage signs/symptoms of menopause

Side Effects: risk of clots, cancer

Top 200 egs:
Estrace/estradiol
Prometrium/progesterone

26
Q

Proton Pump Inhibitors (PPIs) – Gastrointestinal

A

Common Indications: Gastro reflux disease (GERD)

Side Effects: electrolytes, vitamin deficient

Hint: end w/”prazole”

Top 200 egs:
Dexilant/ dexlansoprazole
Nexium/esomeprazole
Prevacid/lansoprazole
Prilosec/omeprazole
Aciphex/rabeprazole
27
Q

Histamine – 2 (H2) Receptor blockers

A

Common Indications: Gastro reflux disease (GERD)

Hint: end w/”tidine”

Top 200 egs:
Tagamet/limetidine
Pepcid/famotidine
Zantac/ranitidine (gone from ’19)

28
Q

5 – HT3 Antagonists

A

Common Indications: Nausea, vomit

Side effects: cardiac arrhythimias

Hint: end w/”setron”

Top 200 egs:
zofran/ondansetron
Aloxi/panosetron

29
Q

Common Indications: Nausea, vomit

A

Side effects: cardiac arrhythimias

Hint: end w/”setron”

Top 200 egs:
zofran/ondansetron
Aloxi/panosetron

30
Q

Anti- diarrhea

A

Common Indications: diarrhea

Side effects: Constipation

Top 200 egs:
Lomotil/diphenoxylate-atropine
Imodium/loperamide

31
Q

Class: Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs)

A

Common Indications: major depression

Side Effects: wght chg, sex drive chg.

Hints: end in “pram”, “ine”

Top 200 egs: 
Celeka/citalopram
Lexapro/escitalopram
Prozac/fluoxetine
Paxil/pabxetine
Zoloft/sertraline
32
Q

Class: Serotonin norepinephrine reuptake (SNRIs)

A

Common Indications: major depression

Side Effects: nausea, vommit

Hints: end in “ins”, 2 have “venlafaxine”
Top 200 egs: 
Cymbalta/duloxetine
Effexor/ venlafaxine
Pristiq/ desvenlafaxine
33
Q

Class: Tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) – Easy to OD!!

A

Common Indications: major depression

Side Effects: Overdose

Hints: “triptyline”
Top 200 egs:
Elavil/amitriptyline
Pamelor/norriptyline

34
Q

Class: Other antidepressants

A

Common Indications: major depression

Top 200 egs:
Wellbutrin/bupropion
Remeron/mirtazapine
Desyrel trazodone

35
Q

Class: Antipsychotics

A

Common Indications: Schizophrenia

Side effects: extrapyramidal symptoms (eps) – can’t sit still, invol musc control

Hints: end in “ine” “one”

Top 200 egs (oral and injectable)
Abilify /aripiprazole
Haldol/haloperidol
Zyprexa/olanzapine
Seroquel/ quetiapine
Risperdal/risperidone
Geodon/ziprasidone
36
Q

Class: Mood stabilizers

A

Common Indications: Bipolar disorder

Side effects: NARROW THERAPEUTIC INDEX DRUG (drug concentrate reqs monitoring)

Top 200 egs (oral and injectable)
Lithobid/lithium

37
Q

Class: Antiepilectric drugs

A

Common Indications: Epilepsy, other mood disorders, neuropathy

Side effects: vary, req serum concentrate

Top 200 egs (oral and injectable)
Tegretol/carbamazepine
Neurontin/gabapentin
Lamictal/lamotrigine
Keppra/levetiracetam
Trileptal/oxcarbazepine
Lyrica/pregabalin
Topomax/topiramate
38
Q

Class: Opiod analgesics (opiates)

A

Common Indications: Pain

Side effects: Respiratory depress, somnolence, constip

Hints: control substances, highly addictive
Top 200 egs (oral and injectable)
Lortab/acetaminophen
Zohydro/hydrocodone
MS contin/morphine
Oxycontin/oxycodone
Opanaer/oxymorphone
Ultram/tramador
Suboxone/buprenorphine naloxone
39
Q

Class: Non-Opiod analgesics

A

Common Indications: Pain/headache

Side effects: liver toxicity

Top 200 egs (oral and injectable)
Tylenol/acetaminophen
Floricet/acetaminophen/butalbital/caffeine

40
Q

Class: Non-steroidal anti-inflam drugs (NSAIDs)

A

Common Indications: Pain, inflammation, fever

Side effects: cardiovasc events, bleed, stom ulcers, kidney fail

Top 200 egs (oral and injectable)
Celebrex/celecoxib
Voltaren/diclofenac   
Motrin/ibuprofen
Mobic/meloxicam
Aleve/naproxen
41
Q

Class: Muscle relax

A

Common Indications: muscle cramp pain

Side effects: Somnolence

Top 200 egs (oral and injectable)
Lioresal/baclofen
Flexeril/cyclobenzaprine.   
Robaxin/methocarbamol
Zanaflex/tizanidine
42
Q

Class: Misc. CNS

A

Top 200 Lidoderm/lidocaine (patches)

43
Q

Class: 5-HT Agonists (Triptans)

A

Common Indications: migraines

Side effects: dizziness, cardiovac events

Hint: end in triptan
Top 200 egs
Relpax/eletripan
Maxalt/ rizatripan
Imitrex/ sumatriptan
44
Q

Class: Antitussives

A

Common Indications: Supress cough

Side effects: Drowsiness

Top 200 egs
Tessalon/benzonatate
Delsym/dextromethorphan (OTC)

45
Q

Class: Benzodiazepines

A

Common Indications: Anxiety

Side effects: Sedation (danger when combine w/other drugs)

Hint: end in “zepam”
Top 200 egs
Xanaz/alprazolam
Klonopin/clonazepam
Valium/diazepam
Ativan/lorazepam
Restoril/temazepam
46
Q

Class: Non-Benzodiazepine hypnotics

A

Common Indications: Anxiety, sleep

Side effects: sleepwalk

Hint: z for sleep 
Top 200 egs
Lunesta/eszopiclone
Sonata/zaleplon
Ambien/zolpidem
Buspar/buspirone
47
Q

Class: Stimulants

A

Common Indications: ADHD, narcolepsy (daytime drowsy)

Side effects: tics (rapid invol muscle move)

Hint: amphetamine or phenidate

Top 200 egs
Focalin/dexmethylphenidate
Dexedrine/dextroamphetamine
Vyvanse /lisdexamfetamine
Ritalin/methylphenidate
Provigil/modafinil
48
Q

Class: non-stimulant drugs for ADHD

A

Common Indications: ADHD

Top 200 egs
Strattera/atomoxetine
Intuniv/guanfacine

49
Q

Class: Dopaminergics & dopamine agonists

A

Common Indications: Parkinson’s

Top 200 egs
Sinimet/Levodopa-carbidopa
Mirapex/pramipexole
Requip/ropinirole

50
Q

Class: Cholinesterase inhibitors & NMDA receptor antagonists

A

Common Indications: Alzheimer’s disease

Top 200 egs
Aricept/donepezil
Exelon/rivastigmine
Namenda/memantine

51
Q

Antibiotics

A

How work: Target vital processes of bacteria to either kill directly or inhibit their multiply, help immune system.

What for: Bacterial infections

Classes: Penicillins, Cephaslosporins, Macrolides, Fluoroquinolones, Tetracyclines. TEACH SAID DON’T WORRY ABOUT CLASS, JUST GENERAL ANTIOBIOCS.

Sides: Diarrhea, C. Diff infections, bacterial resist builds up, possib blood/heart disorders.

52
Q

Class: Antivirals

A

Common Indications: Herpes, Influenza, HIV

Hints: end w/”vir” (vir-virus)

Top 200 egs:
Zovirax/acyclovir (Herpes)
Valtrax/valacyclovir (Herpes)
Tamiflu/oseltamivir (Influenza)
Kaletra/lopinavir-ritonacvir (HIV)
Isentress/raltegravir (HIV)
Viread/tenofovir (HIV)
53
Q

Inhaled Corticosteroids for Asthma/COPD

A

Common Indications: Asthma, COPD

Side Effects: Fungal infections of mouth if patient not rinse residue

Hints: names sound like lung, pulmonary or breathing

Top 200 egs:
QVAR/beclomethasone
Pulmicort/budesonide
Flovent/fluticasone
Asmanex/mometasone
Symbicort/ budesonide-formoterol
Advair/ fluticasone-salmeterol
54
Q

Antihistamines

A

Common Indications: Allergies, some for motion sick/nausea

Side effects: Drowsy, dry mouth

Hints: end w/”zine”, “dine”

Top 200 egs:
Zyrtec/cetirizine
Benadryl/diphenhydramine
Atarax/hydroxyzine
Xyzal/levocetirizine
Claritin/loratadine
Bonine/meclizine
Phenergan/promethazine
55
Q

Corticosteroids

A

Common Indications: Allergies, asthma, other inflammatory

Oral or injectable

Side effects: Hyperglycemia (high blood glucose), wgt gain, immune suppress

Hints: end w/”one”
Top 200 egs:
Medrol/methylprednisolone
Orapred/prednisolone
Deltasone/prednisone
56
Q

Intranasal Corticosteroids

A

Common Indications: Allergic rhinitis

Top 200 egs:
Rhinocort Aqua/budesonide
Flonase/fluticasone
Nasonex/mometasone
Nasacort/triamcinolone
57
Q

Monoclonal Antibodies (relatively new)

A

Common Indications: Vary inflammatory disease, e.g. psoriasis, rheumatoid arthritis, Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis

Side effects: suppress immune system, risk of infections.

Hints: end in “mab” monoclonal antibody
Top 200 egs:
Humira/adalimumab
Enbrel/etanercept
Remicade/infliximab
Rituxan/rituximab
58
Q

Alpha Antagonists (dilate urine)

A

Common Indications: Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH), i.e. prostrate gland enlarge

Side effects: Orthostatic hypotension (form of low blood pressure)

Hints: ends in “osin”

Top 200 egs:
Cardura/doxazosin
Flomax/tamsulosin
Hytrin/terazosin

59
Q

Bisphosphonates

A

Common Indications: Osteoporosis, disease that weaks/thins bones

Side effects: erosive esophagitis (need drink lot of water)

Hint: ends in “dronate”
Top 200 egs:
Fosamex/alendronate
Boniva/ibandronate
Actonel/risedronate

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