Medicine Flashcards
(848 cards)
Définition de conjonctivite suppurée du nouveau-né? (ophthalmia neonatorum ou neonatal conjunctivitis)
An acute, mucopurulent infection in the first 4 weeks of life.
What are the types of neonatal conjunctivitis that we don’t want to miss? (4)
Bacterial (Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrheae, Pseudomonas aeruginosa) and viral (herpes simplex virus).
Quelle est la CAT en cas de conjonctivite suppurée du nouveau-né?
Gram stain and culture (specimen from conjunctiva and pharynx), et traiter d’emblée avec onguent ophthalmique.
Dans un cas de conjonctivite suppurée du nouveau-né, quoi faire si la coloration de Gram montre des diplocoques Gram négatif?
Traiter le nouveau-né et les parents pour une présumée gonorrhée.
What is the presentation of ophthalmia neonatorum caused by Pseudomonas?
Eyelid edema, purulent discharge causing corneal perforation, endophthalmitis, blindness, and possibly death.
Quelle est la CAT dans le cas de conjonctivite suppurée du nouveau-né au Pseudomonas? (3)
Systemic and topical antibiotics (aminoglycosides), isolation, referral to Ophthalmology.
Quel est le traitement de la conjonctivite suppurée du nouveau-né à la Chlamydia?
Systemic erythromycin (counsel parents on potential risk of pyloric stenosis).
What is the presentation of gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum? (4)
- Profound chemosis
- edema of the eyelids
- abundant purulent discharge that might be blood-tinged from superficial hemorrhage
- within 2 to 5 days of birth
What is the treatment of gonococcal ophthalmia neonatorum? (5)
- Hospitalization
- frequent irrigation of the conjunctiva
- IV or IM ceftriaxone
- evaluation for disseminated gonococcal disease
- treat infant’s mother and sexual partner
How can you recognize infants with conjunctivitis caused by herpes simplex? (2)
Herpetic lesions on the borders of the eyelids are common and present 6-14 days after birth.
What is the management of herpetic neonatal conjunctivitis? (4)
- Diagnostic evaluation (including LP)
- Ophthalmology referral
- systemic acyclovir
- topical ophthalmic solution
Why are the new anticoagulants particularly attractive for stroke prevention in older adults with a. fib.?
Because the rate of intracranial bleeding is related to age, but is sharply reduced by the new anticoagulants.
Name a few of the new anticoagulants.
Dabigatran (Pradax), rivaroxaban (Xarelto), apixaban (Eliquis).
What are the adverse effects of benzodiazepines and other sedative-hypnotic drugs in older patients? (5)
- adverse cognitive events
- adverse psychomotor events
- falls
- hip fractures
- increase risk of hospital admission after a MVA
What strategies are effective for stopping sedative-hypnotic drug use?
Simple recommendations to stop, tapering protocols, CBT, melatonin, brief behavioural therapy, exercise.
Give examples of CBT interventions in the treatment of insomnia.
- Sleep restriction (limiting time in bed to actual sleep time),
- stimulus control (re-associating the bedroom with sleep),
- cognitive therapy designed to change faulty beliefs about sleep,
- getting up at the same time every day,
- not going to bed unless tired,
- not staying in bed unless asleep,
- discourage napping.
What type of insomnia is most typical of restless leg syndrome?
Sleep-onset insomnia.
What are the diagnostic criteria for restless leg syndrome? (4)
There are 4 dx criteria:
- an urge to move the legs usually accompanied by, or caused by, uncomfortable and unpleasant sensations in the legs;
- unpleasant sensations that begin or worsen during periods of rest or inactivity;
- unpleasant sensations that are partially or totally relieved by movement;
- unpleasant sensations that are worse in the evening or at night compared with during the day or that only occur in the evening or at night.
What additional investigations are necessary in restless leg syndrome? (2)
Iron levels (because iron deficiency is common among those with RLS) +/- sleep study. Indications for sleep study are atypical sx, marked daytime somnolence (to rule out other sleep disorders, such as OSA and periodic limb movements) and if there has been an inadequate response to tx.
Quelle est la capitale de l’Australie?
Canberra
Quelle est la capitale de l’Australie?
Canberra
Quels sont les bêtabloquants qui ne sont pas contre-indiqués dans la BPCO?
Les bêtabloquants spécifiques, comme l’aténolol ou le bisoprolol.
Quels sont les critères principaux dans le diagnostique de l’ostéoporose?
- corticostéroïdes PO plus de 3 mois/année
- fracture d’une vertèbre ou de la hanche
Quels sont les critères secondaires dans le dx de l’ostéoporose?
- IMC moins de 21
- tabagisme actif
- consommation d’alcool
- plus de 65 ans
- fracture de la hanche chez les parents
- ménopause
- fracture d’une côte
- inactivité
- VEMS (volume expiratoire maximal par seconde) moins de 50%