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medicine Flashcards

facts about medicine in medieval,renaissance,industrial and modern era (95 cards)

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1
Q

What was the predominant medical theory during the medieval era?

A

The Four Humours

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2
Q

True or False: Medieval medicine relied heavily on superstition and religious beliefs.

A

True.

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3
Q

Fill in the blank: The practice of _____ involved the use of bloodletting to balance the humors.

A

phlebotomy.

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4
Q

Who was the famous Persian physician known for his medical encyclopedia in the medieval era?

A

Avicenna.

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5
Q

In which era did the Renaissance begin to shift medical practices towards observation and experimentation?

A

Renaissance.

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6
Q

What anatomical work by Andreas Vesalius challenged Galenic medicine during the Renaissance?

A

De humani corporis fabrica.

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7
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following was a significant advancement in surgery during the Renaissance? A) Anesthesia B) Antisepsis C) Surgical instruments D) All of the above

A

D) All of the above.

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8
Q

What was the main focus of medicine during the Industrial era?

A

Public health and sanitation.

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9
Q

True or False: The discovery of germ theory occurred during the Industrial era.

A

True.

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10
Q

Fill in the blank: _____ was a significant figure in the development of vaccines during the Industrial era.

A

Edward Jenner.

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11
Q

What major public health movement began in the 19th century as a response to urbanization?

A

The sanitary movement.

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12
Q

In what era did antibiotics become widely used?

A

Modern era.

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13
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is NOT a modern medical imaging technique? A) X-ray B) MRI C) Bloodletting D) CT scan

A

C) Bloodletting.

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14
Q

True or False: The introduction of anesthesia revolutionized surgical procedures in the modern era.

A

True.

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15
Q

Fill in the blank: The _____ revolutionized the treatment of infectious diseases in the 20th century.

A

antibiotic era.

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16
Q

Who is known for developing the polio vaccine in the modern era?

A

Jonas Salk.

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17
Q

What role does technology play in modern medicine?

A

It enhances diagnosis, treatment, and patient care.

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18
Q

What are the ethical concerns that have arisen in modern medicine?

A

Issues related to genetic engineering, consent, and privacy.

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19
Q

Multiple Choice: Which of the following is a modern approach to healthcare? A) Homeopathy B) Evidence-based medicine C) Bloodletting D) Trephination

A

B) Evidence-based medicine.

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20
Q

What is telemedicine?

A

The use of technology to provide medical care remotely.

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21
Q

What is the significance of clinical trials in modern medicine?

A

They are essential for testing the safety and efficacy of new treatments.

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22
Q

What does the term ‘precision medicine’ refer to?

A

Tailoring medical treatment to the individual characteristics of each patient.

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23
Q

what made up the four humours(medieval)

A

phlegm
blood
yellow bile
black bile

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24
Q

what did william harvey discover (renaissance)

A

the principle of the circulation of the blood through the body.

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25
general cause of illness and disease (medieval)
poor diet,famine,war and living conditions
26
whats the percentage of the uk population that died from the black death (medieval)
40%
27
what is cholera caused from (medieval)
drinking sewage contaminated water
28
why was the spanish flu deadly (modern)
40 million died=20% of population
29
when was the spanish flu (modern)
1918-19
30
how is AIDS/HIV spread (modern)
spread through blood or body fluids of infected people
31
how could you not contract smallpox (renaissance)
if you had cowpox you couldnt get it
32
what does 'vacca' mean in Latin (renaissance)
it means cow (vaccination,cowpox)
33
what was a barber surgeon (medieval)
medical specialists that performed minor surgery,sold medicine and cut hair
34
what two major advances improved surgical methods (modern)
anesthetics and antiseptics
35
what is radiotherapy(modern)
attacks cancer cells with x-rays
36
what is chemotherapy(modern)
using chemicals to attack the cancer
37
what are common causes for heart disease (modern)
bad diet,smoking,overweight,alcohol abuse and alcohol abuse
38
what did medieval physicians believe about astrology (medieval)
they believed the movement of the planets affected peoples health
39
Who played a leading role in developing mobile x-ray units (modern)
Marie Curie
40
what did william harvey discover(renaissance)
the heart acts as a pump
41
What did Andreas Versalius do(medieval)
he dissected human corpses and helped further medical knowledge
42
what did astrology do (medieval)
medieval physicians believed the movement of the planets affected peoples health
43
what is hydrotherapy(medieval)
using water to treat illness
44
what is aromatherapy(medieval)
using plant material and oils to treat illness
45
what is hypnotherapy(medieval)
using hypnosis to help patients deal with medical problems
46
what is acupuncture(medieval)
using needles and sticking them into the body to deal with medical problems
47
what did alchemists try to make(medieval)
ordinary metal turned to gold and an elixir of life (to make someone immortal)
48
what acids did alchemists produce (medieval)
produced hydrochloric acid,nitric acid,potash and sodium carbonate
48
what elements did alchemists discover (medieval)
arsenic,antimony and bismuth
49
what was the name of a famous soothsayer(medieval)
Mother Shipton
50
how was smallpox spread(renaissance)
coughing,sneezing and personal contact
51
what would happen to survivors of smallpox (renaissance)
become deaf,blind,brain damaged,disabled and disfigured by pock marks
52
what is inoculation (renaissance)
when a low dose of a disease is put into the body to help it fight against a more serious attack of the disease
53
what is vaccination (renaissance)
when a harmless form of a disease is injected into someone to prevent them from getting that disease
54
what discovery made surgery safer (modern)
the discovery of anesthetics and antiseptics
55
what is an anaesthetic(modern)
a substance or gas thats used to make someone unconscious during surgery
56
what is an antiseptic(modern)
chemicals that are used to destroy bacteria and prevent infection in a wound/cut
57
what was used to grind up herbs(medieval)
pestle and mortar
58
What did James Simpson discover about chloroform (modern)
that it could relieve pain for women during childbirth
59
which famous perosn used chloroform to provide pain relief whilst giving birth(modern)
Queen Victoria in 1857 used it during the birth of her 8th child
60
when did the black death enter britain (modern)
July 1348
61
what was a tenement(industrial)
a large building divided into separate flats
62
what was the issue with tenements (industrial)
they were overcrowded so disease could easily be spread
63
what is pasteurisation (modern)
the process of heating liquids to destroy harmful microorganisms
64
what was a flagellant (modern)
people who whipped themselves so that god didn't punish them with the plague
65
How were infected families with the black death dealt with (medieval)
they were boarded up inside their homes
66
what did Alexander Fleming discover in 1928(modern)
he discovered penicillium notatum
67
what was penicillium notatum (modern)
a mould that killed bacteria
68
how long did it take to mass produce penicillin (modern)
10 years
69
Who helped find a way to mass produce penicillin (modern)
Howard Florey and Ernst Chain
70
Why was penicillin so highly demanded during WW2 (modern)
as it could help treat infected wounds
71
what was the first human organ to be transplanted (modern)
the kidney in the 1950s
72
when was the first ever human heart transplant (modern)
December 1967
73
Who performed the first ever human transplant (modern)
Christiaan Barnard
74
Who was Louis Washkansky (modern)
the man who had the first ever heart transplant
75
what is an endoscope(modern)
an instrument used to view insides of the body
76
What was the sanitary act in 1866 (modern)
forced local authorities to build sewers
77
what was the clean air act in 1956 (modern)
set up smokeless zones in cities and encouraged use of cleaner coals and gas for heating
78
What happened on December 1952(modern)
'Great Smog'
79
what was the Great Smog
smog that filled London which resulted in 4000 deaths due to respiratory illnesses
80
what is smog (modern)
a mixture of smoke,fog and chemical fumes (pollution)
81
how did Joseph Lister reduce infection rates (modern)
he used carbolic acid to wash his hands and surgical equipment before surgery
82
What did Joseph Lister invent (modern)
a spray machine so carbolic acid could be sprayed on a patients wound
83
What did Robert Koch discover (modern)
the specific bacteria that caused specific diseases (bacteriology)
84
What did Robert Koch learn about antibodies (modern)
that if a weaker version of a disease was introduced to the body and then the deadly version attacked the body can resist
85
what is an antibody (modern)
the natural defense mechanism of the body against germs
86
what bacteria did Robert Koch discover that was responsible for diseases (modern)
the bacterias that caused anthrax,tuberculosis and cholera
87
what is anthrax(modern)
a highly infectious and deadly disease that usually affects cattle and sheep
88
what is tuberculosis(modern)
a serious infectious disease that affects the lungs
89
When was MRI scans first ever used (modern)
19777
90
What is a MRI scan (modern)
uses a strong magnetic field and radio waves to creates pictures of the inside of the body on a computer
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History (3 decks)

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