medicine early 20th centry ww1

Question 1

describe how xrays were discovered

Answer 1

wilhelm roentgen covered a test tube in black paper
he was surprised to see rays from the tube lit the screen

Question 1

who discovered xrays

Answer 1

wilhelm roentgen

Question 2

what could xrays not pass through

Answer 2

bone

Question 3

how was the first xray image created

Answer 3

by putting photgraphic paper inbetween

Question 4

problem: why was taking xray images long and difficult

Answer 4

photography was still in an early stage so you had to stay still for long

Question 5

problem xray: what was released in high doses and caused danger

Answer 5

radiation
patients burnt and lost hair

Question 6

problemxray: what was a problem with the machines

Answer 6

too large to be moved easily

Question 7

how were blood transfusions carried out in the early 17th century

Answer 7

from animals to humans
people rarely survived

Question 8

what period did the first human to human blood transfusion occur in

Answer 8

1818-1829

Question 9

who did the first human to human blood transfusion

Answer 9

james blundell

Question 10

what was the problems with early human to human blood transfers

Answer 10

direct transfer had to occur and only half the recipients survived

Question 11

who discovered 3 blood groups and when

Answer 11

karl landsteiner in 1901

Question 12

who discovered another blood group and when

Answer 12

1902-landsteiner’s colleagues

Question 13

what could blood loss lead to

Answer 13

shock

Question 14

what helped blood from not clotting

Answer 14

sodium citrate

Question 15

who discovered adding sodium citrate in blood and when

Answer 15

1915 - richard lewishon

Question 16

what further helped blood from clotting and who discovered it

Answer 16

citrate glucose
by francis rous and james turner

Question 17

what was not possible in ccs and dressing stations for surgery

Answer 17

antiseptic and aseptic surgery

Question 18

what was used instead of antiseptic and aseptic - describe it

Answer 18

the carrel dakin method in 1917 was used - where sterlised salt solution moved through wounds using tubes. it was more effective

Question 19

if the carrel dakin method wasn’t used what was the last resort

Answer 19

amputation

Question 20

describe thomas splint

Answer 20

1915 - it reduced the death rate from broken limbs to fewer than 20% because it kept the leg rigid - reducing blood loss

Question 21

who improved plastic surgery

Answer 21

harold gillies