medicine (individuals) Flashcards
(31 cards)
1
Q
Hippocrates
A
- “Father of Medicine”
- First person to believe diseases were caused naturally and not by God
- Hippocratic Oath still used
2
Q
Galen
A
- 4 humors theory: black bile, yellow bile, phlegm, blood
- Influenced Western medical science for over 1300 years
3
Q
Rhazes
A
- First to distinguish one contagious disease from another
- Wrote a book titled “Doubts about Galen”
4
Q
Abulcasis
A
- Specialised in cauterisation
- Invented surgical instruments to inspect/remove foreign objects from the throat and ear
- Wrote “Kitab al Tasrit” (1000)
5
Q
Avicenna
A
- Wrote 40 works on medicine
- Wrote “Book of Healing” (1027)
- Wrote “Canon of Medicine” (1025)
6
Q
Roger Frugardi
A
- Wrote “Practice of Surgery” (1180)
- Used in Bologna and Montpellier
- Recommended an egg albumen dressing for wounds
7
Q
Hugh of Lucca
A
- Used wine as an antiseptic in the early 13th century
- Was a surgeon for Bologna in Italy (1214)
- Had a salary of 600 ‘Bolognini’ per year (not very well-paid)
8
Q
Ibn Nafis
A
- First to describe pulmonary circulation of the blood
- Over 110 medical textbooks written
- Started studying medicine at 16
9
Q
Mondino
A
- First to incorporate dissection into a medical curriculum
- His first public dissection (1315)
- Wrote “Anathomia Corporis Humani” (1316)
10
Q
Guy de Chauliac
A
- Wrote “Chirugia Magna” (1363)
- Influenced by Galen and Islamic Scientists
- Distinguished Bubonic Plague and Pneumonic Plague
11
Q
John of Arderne
A
- Member of Guild of Surgeons
- Created arrow wound ointment of hemlock & opium (1376)
12
Q
Edwin Chadwick
A
- Published “Report on Sanitary Conditions of the Labouring Government”
- 1832, was asked to serve Royal Commission to investigate Poor Laws
14
Q
Andreas Vesalius
A
- Did his first public dissection (1543)
- Wrote “Tabulae Anatomicae Sex” (1538)
- Wrote “Fabric of the Human Body” (1543)
15
Q
Florence Nightingale
A
- Was a nurse in the Crimean War (1854-56)
- Improved unsanitary hospital conditions, decreased death count by 2/3
16
Q
Ambroise Paré
A
- Re-discovered use of Ligatures
- Came up with a gunshot wound treatment of egg-white, rose-oil and turpentine
- Wrote “Curing wounds caused by Firearms” (1545)
17
Q
Nicholas Culpepper
A
- Wrote “the Complete Herbal” (1653)
- Popularised use of Foxglove
- Was a Botanist, Herbalist, Physician and Astrologer
17
Q
John Hunter
A
- Collected 14,000 anatomical specimens, inc. 3000+ animals
- Set up his own anatomy school in London (1764)
17
Q
William Harvey
A
- Physician to King James I (1618)
- Worked at St Bartholomew’s Hospital
- Was a member of the Royal College of Physicians (1607)
18
Q
Humphry Davy
A
- Nitrous Oxide discovery (1799)
- Wrote “Researches concerning Nitrous Oxide and its Respiration” (1800)
20
Q
Robert Liston
A
- Wrote “Practical Surgeries” (1837)
- Could amputate a leg in 2 and a half mins
- “Fastest knife in the West End”
21
Q
James Simpson
A
- Discovered use of Chloroform as an anaesthetic (1847)
- Queen Victoria used it during childbirth which popularised it
22
Q
John Snow
A
- Used ether and chloroform as anaesthetics
- Wrote “On the mode of communication of Cholera” (1849)
24
Q
William Roberts
A
- Discovered Penicillin (1870-1874)
- Member of the Royal College of Surgeons
- Professor of Medicine (1863-1883)
24
Q
Beale, Bastian and Tyndall
A
- Beale wrote “Microscope in its Applications to Practical Medicine” (1854)
- Bastian became a physician (1887)
- Tyndall was a Professor of Physics (1853-1887)
26
Joseph Bazalgette
- Knighted (1875)
- 82 miles of sewers in London
- Sewage system designer (1865-75)
27
William Cheyne
- Wrote “Manual of the Antiseptic Treatment of Wounds” (1885)
- Translated Koch’s “Study on the Causes of Infections” (1880)
27
Louis Pasteur
- “Pasteurisation” of milk and wine
- Disproved Spontaneous Generation with sterilised flask experiment
- Opened Pasteur Institute (1887)
28
Robert Koch
- Tuberculosis research led to Nobel Prize (1905)
- Discovered Bacillus Anthracis (Anthrax cause)
- Discovered Mycobacterium Tuberculosis (TB cause)
29
Joseph Lister
- “Father of Antiseptic Surgery”
| - Encouraged the use of Carbolic Acid spray to prevent infections
30
Edward Jenner
- Studied at University of St Andrews
- Pioneer of Smallpox Vaccine
- “Father of Immunology”
31
Barber Surgeons
- Performed blood-letting, teeth-pulling and amputations
- Had a very high mortality rate due to blood loss and infections
- Had to do an apprenticeship beforehand
