Medicine Review

Question 1

LMN lesions, destroys anterior horns, flaccid paralysis

Answer 1

Polio

Question 2

Destroys white matter or cervical region, random asymmetric lesions from demyelination, scanning speech, intention tremor, nystagmus

Answer 2

MS

Question 3

combined UMN and LMN lesions

No sensory deficit

Answer 3

ALS

Question 4

Degeneration of dorsal roots and dorsal column, impaired proprioception, locomotor ataxia

Answer 4

tabes dorsalis

Question 5

crossing fibers of spinothalamic tract damage leading to bilateral loss of pain and temperature sensation

Answer 5

syrinogmyelia

Question 6

demyelination of dorsal columns, lateral corticospinal tracts, spinocerebellar tracts. Leads to ataxic gait, hyperreflexia, impaired position and vibration sense

Answer 6

Vitamin b12 neuropathy

Question 7

Prion disease, rare form of dementia, transmissible spongiform encepalopathy

Answer 7

Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease

Question 8

hyperkinetic, autosomal dominant, CAG repeats, anticipation

Answer 8

Huntington disease

Question 9

Idiopathic hypokinetic, dopamine depletion in substantia nigra, lewy bodies. Resting tremor, rigidity, bradykinesia, postural instability

Answer 9

parkinsons

Question 10

Buttock claudication, decreased femoral pulses, male impotence

Answer 10

Aortoiliac disease

Question 11

calf claudication, decreased pulses below femoral a

Answer 11

femoropopliteal disease

Question 12

Systolic ejection murmur radiating to carotids

Answer 12

Aortic stenosis

Question 13

holosystolic murmur radiating to axilla

Answer 13

mitral regurg

Question 14

midsystolic click

Answer 14

mitral valve prolapse

Question 15

early decrescendo murmur

Answer 15

aortic regurg

Question 16

mid to late low pitched murmur

Answer 16

mitral stenosis

Question 17

Gallop seen in dilated cardiomyopathy, mitral valve dx, normal in youndg patient and pregnancy

Answer 17

S3

Question 18

Gallop seen in HTN, diastolic dysfunction, aortic stenosis, normal in youth and athletes

Answer 18

S4

Question 19

EKG changes: New inverted T waves, poor R wave progression, ST changes

Answer 19

Ischemia

Question 20

EKG changes: Significant Q waves, ST elevations, T wave inversion

Answer 20

Transmural Infarct

Question 21

Progressive systemic connective tissue disease characterized by immune0mediated striated muscle inflammation. Presents with symmetrical progressive proximal muscle weakness, pain, and difficulty breathing

Answer 21

polymyositis

Question 22

presents with symptoms of polymyositis but with cutaneous involvement; heliotrope rash, shawl sign, gottrons papules

Answer 22

dermatomyositis

Question 23

chronic pain of soft tissue and axial skeleton. No joint pian

Answer 23

Fibromyalgia

Question 24

Pain and stiffness in the shoulder and girdle region muscles. May include fever, malaise, weight loss, increased ESR, anemia

Answer 24

Polymyalgia rheumatica

Question 25

Excess serum levels leading to HTN, DM2, depression, weight gain, hirsutism, central obesity, proximal muscle wasting, hair growth, abdominal striae, moon facies, buffalo hump

Answer 25

Cushing Syndrome

Question 26

Deficiency in mineralocorticoid and glucocorticoids leading to weakness, fatigue, anorexia, weight loss, hyperpigmentation and hyperkalemia

Answer 26

Addison Disease

Question 27

Graves, toxic multinodular goiter, toxic adenoma, amiodarone, postpartum thyrotoxicosis, postvitral thyroiditis

Answer 27

Hyperthyroidism

Question 28

Hashimoto thyroiditis

Answer 28

hypothyroidism

Question 29

WBC count >50,000, most common childhood malignancy, a/w B cell cancer and down syndrome

Answer 29

acute lymphoblastic leukemia

Question 30

Leukemia a/w auer rods, myeloperoxidase, esterase, age>60, elevated LDH

Answer 30

AML

Question 31

Most common leukemia, functionally incompetent lymphocytes that accumulate in bone marrow, peripheral blood, lymph nodes, spleen, and liver.

Answer 31

CLL

Question 32

clonal expansion of myeloid progenitor cells leading to leukocytosis with excess granulocytes and basophils. WBC>100,000

Answer 32

CML

Question 33

Malignant disorder of B lymphoytes with unclear cause. Affects older males

Answer 33

Hairy cell leukemia

Question 34

hypochromic, microcytic

Answer 34

iron def anemia

Question 35

macrocytic, hyperchromic, vit b12 and folate deficiency

Answer 35

megaloblastic anemia

Question 36

factor 8 deficiency, most common inherited bleeding disorder. Prolonged PTT and BT

Answer 36

Von Willebrand Disease

Question 37

Deposition of fibrin in small blood vessels causing thrombosis and end organ damage. Depletes clotting factors and platelets causing increased peripheral bleeding

Answer 37

DIC

Question 38

Platelet microthromibi block small vessels causing RBC fragmentation/hemolysis. Platelet transfusion contraindicated

Answer 38

Thrombotic thrombocytopenia purpura

Question 39

Anaphylactic and atopic, IgE and mast cells

Answer 39

Type 1 hypersensitivity

Question 40

cytotoxic/Ab mediated, IgM and IgG bind to an AG-->MAC

Answer 40

Type 2 hypersensitivity

Question 41

immune complex, Ag-Ab complex activate compliment

Answer 41

Type 3 hypersensitivity

Question 42

Delayed/Cell mediated, Sensitized lymphocytes

Answer 42

Type 4 hypersensitivity

Question 43

Multinucleate giant cells on Tzanck Smear; virus remains dormant in local nerve ganglia

Answer 43

Herpes Simplex

Question 44

Tiny waxy papules with central umbilication

Answer 44

Molluscum contagiosum

Question 45

Malassezia furfur, spaghetti and meatballs on KOH

Answer 45

tinea versicolor

Question 46

Full thickness blister in BM

Answer 46

bullous pemphigoid

Question 47

intraepidermal blisters, antidesmoglein, +nikolsky sign

Answer 47

pemphigous vulgaris

Question 48

violaceous lesions +koebener's phenomenon

Answer 48

Lichen planus

Question 49

Red macules, papules or nodules caused by vascular proliferation due to HHV-8. Common in HIV

Answer 49

Kaposi's Sarcoma