Medicine Through Time Flashcards
(176 cards)
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What is miasma?
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Miasma is bad air found near swamps
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corpses and rotting objects that people believed caused illness if breathed in.
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Name the two influential ancient philosophers whose ideas about disease were followed in Medieval times.
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The two influential philosophers were Galen and Hippocrates.
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What are the four humours according to the Theory of the Four Humours?
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The Four Humours are blood
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phlegm
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What is the Hippocratic Oath?
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The Hippocratic Oath is a promise made by doctors not to harm patients in their care.
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What was Galen’s Theory of Opposites?
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Galen’s Theory of Opposites was the theory that the cure for an excess of one humour is treatment with the opposite humour.
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Why did Galen dissect animals?
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Galen dissected animals as this provided him with evidence to support his theories on the functions of organs
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nerves and the skeletal system of the human body.
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Why did the Medieval Church support the theories of Hippocrates and Galen?
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The Medieval Church supported the theories of Hippocrates and Galen as they did not require human dissection. This supported the Church's belief that for a person's soul to go to heaven
the body must be intact.
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Why did people in Medieval England support the theories of Hippocrates and Galen?
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People in Medieval England supported the theories of Hippocrates and Galen because people were not as well educated as Hippocrates and Galen and did not question them. There was a lack of scientific knowledge and understanding about illnesses.
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What role did religion play in beliefs about disease in the Medieval period?
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Religious beliefs of the Medieval period resulted in people believing that God had the power to make them ill as punishment for sins.
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How was the study of astrology used by physicians during the Medieval period?
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Physicians used astrology by referring to star charts and looking at when the patient was born to help diagnose their illness.
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Name three ways bloodletting could be performed by a physician in the Medieval period.
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A Medieval physician could perform bloodletting by:
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Cutting a vein
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Using leeches
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Cupping
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What is an emetic?
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An emetic is a bitter herb or poison that forces a patient to vomit as a form of purging.
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How did Medieval physicians use horoscopes?
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A Medieval physician would use a patient's horoscope to influence the timing of treatments by using astrology charts.
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Name two reasons why people in the Medieval period believed a King's touch could heal people.
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Medieval people believed a King's touch could heal people because:
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Holy oil was placed on a King's hands during their Corrination.
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Some of God's supernatural powers were passed onto the King.
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What is a pilgrimage?
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A Pilgrimage is a long journey to a religious place.
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Why did Medieval people touch relics when they were ill?
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People in the Medieval period touched relics when they were ill because the Church promoted the touching of relics as a treatment
based on the belief that saints performed miracles.
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How would an apothecary in the Medieval period heal the sick?
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A Medieval apothecary would heal the sick by mixing herbal remedies.
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Define a barber-surgeon.
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A barber-surgeon was someone who performed operations such as tooth extractions and amputations.
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True or False?
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A wise woman was the main source of care for the sick in Medieval villages and households.
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True.
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Wise women were the main source of care for sick people in Medieval towns and villages. They would also mix herbal remedies and carry out minor surgeries.
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What was the role of a Medieval hospital?
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The role of a Medieval hospital was to provide care to patients
not to cure them.
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What was the Regimen Sanitatis?
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The Regimen Staitatis was a book that provided people of the Medieval period with a loose set of instructions on how to maintain a healthy lifestyle.
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True or False?
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The Theory of the Four Humours linked to good health to digestion.
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True.
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The Theory of Four Humours linked good health to digestion
and physicians discouraged overeating.
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Define purging.
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Purging is when a physician makes a patient vomit or poo to remove ‘excess bile.’ This could be through laxatives or emetics.
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What was a pomander?
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A pomander was a locket worn around the waist containing sweet-smelling herbs for protection against miasma.
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True or False?
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The Medieval Church believed the only way to prevent illness was by leading a morally good life.
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False.
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The Medieval Church believed there were many different ways of preventing illnesses
such as regular prayer
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When did the Black Death arrive in Medieval England?
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The Black Death arrived in Medieval England in 1348.
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What are buboes?
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Buboes are pus-filled swellings that develop in the hot areas of the body such as the armpits.
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True or False?
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At the peak of the Black Death
roughly 300 people in London were buried every day.
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False.
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During the peak of the Black Death
roughly 200 people in London were buried every day.
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How did people in the Medieval period use supernatural beliefs to explain the Black Death?
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People in the Medieval period used supernatural beliefs to explain the Black Death because in 1345 there was an unusual positioning of Jupiter
Mars
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Name four symptoms of the Black Death.
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Four symptoms of the Black Death are:
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Boils and buboes in armpits and groins
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Sneezing and coughing up blood
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Chest pains and breathing troubles
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Fever
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True or False?
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The Black Death usually took three to five days for victims to die.
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True.
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It usually took three to five days for victims to die of the Black Death.
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What treatments did the Medieval Church suggest for the Black Death?
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The Medieval Church suggested that the people in the Medieval period should confess their sins and pray for forgiveness to cure themselves of the Black Death.
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Name three different treatments Medieval physicians used to treat the Black Death.
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To treat the Black Death Medieval physicians would:
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Bleed and purge patients
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Use strong- smelling herbs
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Lance buboes
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Define self- flagellation.
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Self-flagellation is when a person would whip themselves to show God how sorry they were. People in the Medieval period did this to prevent the Black Death.
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Define quarantine.
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Quarantine is when sick people are isolated from healthy people to stop a disease from spreading.
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What quarantine laws did the English Medieval government create to prevent the spreading of the Black Death?
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The Medieval English government stated that anyone new to an area had to quarantine for forty days to prevent the spread of the Black Death.
