Medicine Through Time

Question 1

What was the first antibiotic?
Why was it different from Salvarsan 606 and Prontosil?

Answer 1

Penicillin

Made out of microorganisms

Question 2

What is the Thomas Splint?

Answer 2

A splint that stopped the leg from moving, it increased the survival rate from 20% to 82%

Question 3

Name the Four Humours

Answer 3

Blood, Phlegm, Black bile, Yellow bile

Question 4

What technology helped make diagnosis in the Modern Period?

Answer 4

Blood tests, Blood pressure monitor, Endoscopes, ECG’s, Ultrasound scans, MRI scans, X-rays, CT scans

Question 5

Which individual discovered blood groups?

Answer 5

Karl Landsteiner

Question 6

What treatments do the NHS use in the Modern period?

Answer 6

Dialysis machines, Heart Bypass machines, Prosthetic limbs, Microsurgery, Keyhole surgery, Robotic surgery

Question 7

Name 5 Individuals from the Renaissance period

Answer 7

William Harvey, Robert Hooke, Thomas Sydenham, Antony Van Leewenhoek, Andreas Versalius, Paracelsus

Question 8

Who were the FANY?

Answer 8

Women Ambulance Drivers

Question 9

List the Medieval medical professionals and what they did.

Answer 9

Physicians - Diagnosed disease, using urine charts, astrology and four humours
Apothecaries - Herbal Remedies
Barber Surgeons - minor surgeries, pulled teeth, bloodletting, remove an arrow etc.
Wise Women - Diagnosed and provided Herbal Remedies

Question 10

What year was the Black Death?

Answer 10

1348

Question 11

What is Inoculation?

Answer 11

Infecting oneself with a disease to avoid catching a severe case of it

Question 12

What did the government do to prevent disease in the Industrial period?

Answer 12

Public Health Act 1875
1300 miles of sewers, Clean water, public toilets, employ public officers, public parks, street lighting, check quality of food

Question 13

Which individual discovered Penicillin?

Answer 13

Alexander Fleming

Question 14

In the medieval period, what disease was seen as a punishment from God? (that wasn’t the plague)

Answer 14

Leprosy

Question 15

What vaccinations were used to prevent disease in the Modern period?

Answer 15

Diptheria, Tetanus, Measles, Rubella

Question 16

What battle was Chlorine Gas first used?

Answer 16

Second Battle of Ypres

Question 17

What were the 3 main health problems on the Western Front?

Answer 17

Trench foot, Trench fever, Shellshock

Question 18

What did the Human Genome project do?

Answer 18

Decode and map every type of gene in a human giving us a blueprint of human DNA

Question 19

How did people try to prevent the Black Death?

Answer 19

Prayer, Pilgrimage, Self-flagellation, Move away, Posies, Quarantine laws (not fully enforced)

Question 20

What was Versalius’ book called?

Answer 20

On the Fabric of the Human Body

Question 21

Which two individuals worked on Germ Theory?

Answer 21

Robert Koch and Louis Pasteur

Question 22

Describe a Medieval Hospital - give two features

Answer 22

Insane and pregnant women rejected, staffed by monks and nuns, Focused on care not treatment, Patients shared beds

Question 23

What was the first Magic Bullet?

Answer 23

Salvarson 606

Question 24

What changes did Nightingale make in Crimea? Give two features

Answer 24

300 scrubbing brushes, Nurses organised, Clean bedding and good meals, Mortality rate dropped from 40% to 2%

Question 25

How was illness prevented in the Medieval period?

Answer 25

Regimen Sanitatis, Purifying the air (flowers, herbs, posy, clean streets), Diet, Prayer

Question 26

Which individual dissected people in the Renaissance period?

Answer 26

Andreas Versalius

Question 27

Describe Thomas Sydenham's theory of illness

Answer 27

Illness was caused by external factors not from inside yourself (four humours)

Question 28

What theories of the cause of illness were there in the Industrial period?

Answer 28

Spontaneous Generation, Germ theory, Miasma

Question 29

Describe the Theory of Opposites

Answer 29

Do the opposite of your symptoms - relating to the Four Humours Too much Phlegm (water and cold) could be cured by eating hot peppers (hot)

Question 30

How did medical knowledge spread in the Renaissance period?

Answer 30

More people could read and write, Printing Press, Royal Society

Question 31

How did the Government prevent the Great Plague?

Answer 31

Public meetings and funerals banned, Cats, Dogs and pigeons killed, Searchers and Wardens employed to put X's on doors

Question 32

What changes did Nightingale make to Nursing?

Answer 32

Wrote 'Notes on Nursing', Made nursing a respectable job, Rigorous training to become a nurse

Question 33

What diseases were common in the Renaissance period?

Answer 33

Smallpox, Great pox (syphilis), Plague

Question 34

How did John Snow solve Cholera?

Answer 34

Broad Street Pump

Question 35

What treatments were there for sickness in the Medieval period?

Answer 35

Bloodletting, Purging, Herbal Remedies, Bathing (to sweat)

Question 36

Which Individual created the Theory of Opposites?

Answer 36

Galen

Question 37

Describe Renaissance Hospitals - give two features

Answer 37

Small treatments, Good diet, Visit from Physician, Many were shut down by Henry VIII after the Dissolution of the Monasteries

Question 38

What technology helped develop our understanding of genetics?

Answer 38

Electron microscope

Question 39

What are the similarities of the government response to Cholera and Lung Cancer?

Answer 39

Slow response initially, more direct response 50+ years after

Question 40

What were the main stages of treatment on the Western Front?

Answer 40

Regimental Aid Post, Dressing Stations, Casualty Clearing Stations, Base Hospitals

Question 41

How did people prevent disease in the Renaissance period?

Answer 41

Move away, Regimen Sanitatis, Not washing (Bath houses were closed because of Syphilis), Clean streets

Question 42

Who were the RAMC?

Answer 42

Royal Army Medical Corps - Branch of the army responsible for medical care

Question 43

Which individual came up with suitable antiseptics? What was it called?

Answer 43

Joseph Lister Carbolic Acid

Question 44

How did people prevent the Great Plague?

Answer 44

Prayer, Quarantine, Pomanders, Diets (garlic), Plague suit, Smoke tobacco

Question 45

Which individual improved hospitals in the Industrial period?

Answer 45

Florence Nightingale

Question 46

Which individual created vaccines?

Answer 46

Edward Jenner

Question 47

Which individual theorised that genes came in pairs one from each parent?

Answer 47

Gregor Mendel

Question 48

What changes did Nightingale make to Hospitals?

Answer 48

Pavilion plan, Improved ventilation, Isolation wards, Easily cleaned surfaces, larger rooms, more windows

Question 49

What did people believe caused the Black Death?

Answer 49

Punishment from God, Miasma, Unusual alignment of the planets

Question 50

Name 5 individuals in the Industrial period?

Answer 50

Louis Pasteur, Robert Koch, Florence Nightingale, James Simpson, Joseph Lister, Edward Jenner, John Snow

Question 51

What is a Magic Bullet?

Answer 51

A chemical cure that would attack the microbes in the body causing disease whilst leaving the body unharmed.

Question 52

Describe Germ Theory

Answer 52

Microbes in the air causes decay (infections etc.)

Question 53

What were the treatments for the Black Death?

Answer 53

Confess your sins (prayer), Bloodletting, Popped Buboes

Question 54

Which individual created the four humours?

Answer 54

Hippocrates

Question 55

Which monarch used Chloroform?

Answer 55

Queen Victoria

Question 56

Which Monarch used Antimony?

Answer 56

Louis XIV of France

Question 57

Name the 5 transport options during WW1

Answer 57

Stretcher bearers, Horse-drawn ambulance, Motor ambulance, Train, Boat

Question 58

Why was there only one theory (four humours) in the Medieval period?

Answer 58

Influence of the Church (Monks and books and education in churches), Lack of Alternative ideas, No one could read or write

Question 59

What is the Royal Society?

Answer 59

Club of scientists that get together to share and discuss ideas

Question 60

How do the Government prevent disease in the Modern Period?

Answer 60

Clear Air Acts, Advertisements, Change4life campaign, Compulsory vaccines

Question 61

What technology helped spread medical knowledge in the Medieval period? Who invented it?

Answer 61

Printing Press Johannes Gutenburg

Question 62

Name 4 WW1 battles

Answer 62

1st Battle of Ypres, 2nd Battle of Ypres, Battle of the Somme, Battle of Arras, Battle of Cambrai, 3rd Battle of Ypres

Question 63

What is significant about the Battle of Cambrai?

Answer 63

Blood banks and tanks

Question 64

What caused wounds to get infected easily on the Western Front?

Answer 64

Fertiliser in the soil

Question 65

What was the Carrel-Dakin method?

Answer 65

Sterilised salt solution put on a wound through a tube every 3-6 hours - this stopped infections

Question 66

Which individual came up with a suitable anaesthetic? And what was it called?

Answer 66

James Simpson Chloroform

Question 67

What did William Harvey discover?

Answer 67

Blood flowed towards the heart, Blood wasn't made in the liver (Galen thought so), Arteries and Veins were linked, the heart was a pump

Question 68

What is Miasma?

Answer 68

Bad air that as believed to make you sick - it came from bad smelling things (corpses, swamps, people)

Question 69

How do the government prevent Lung Cancer?

Answer 69

Banned smoking in workplaces, Banned smoking in cars with children, Raised legal age to 18, Increased tax, Banned adverts, Removed them from display in shops

Question 70

Which battle did the British use tunnels and caves? What was the hospital called there?

Answer 70

Battle of Arras Thompsons Cave

Question 71

What treatments were there for sickness in the Renaissance period?

Answer 71

Transference, Herbal Remedies, Alchemy (Antimony)

Question 72

Name two problems with mobile X-ray units on the Western Front?

Answer 72

Could not detect clothing, Had to stay still for several minutes, overheated

Question 73

Which individual solved the problem of Cholera?

Answer 73

John Snow

Question 74

What are the treatments for Lung Cancer?

Answer 74

Transplants, Radiotherapy, Chemotherapy

Question 75

Which two individuals improved optics in the Renaissance period?

Answer 75

Robert Hooke, Antony Van Leewenhoek