Medicine through Time: Individuals Flashcards
(11 cards)
1
Q
Who was Hippocrates and what did he do for medicine?
A
- He invented the theory of the four humours
- He was an ancient Greek doctor from the greek island of Kos
- He lived and worked in the 460BC century
- Hippocrates observed his patient symptoms and came up with the theory of the four humours
- He said it was important to live a balanced life
2
Q
Who was Galen and what did he do for medicine?
A
- Born in 129 BC
- He was a surgeon for the city’s gladiators
- He proved that the brain controlled the body not the heart
- He believed that the liver produced blood
- He was very arrogant and I know it all
- He created the theory of opposites which was Galen’s idea of how to cure an illness with the opposite element to make up for missing humours
3
Q
Who was William Harvey and what did he do for medicine?
A
- He made a new theory which suggested that blood circulated around the body instead of being made in the liver in 1628 (disproving Galen’s theory)
- He was born in England in the 1500s
- He dissected animals to prove his theory
- In 1628 he published his own book to spread his theories around the Medicine Field
4
Q
Who was John Snow and what did he do for medicine?
A
- He proved that cholera was spread through water via challenging the theory of miasma
- His work led to advanced public health measures in cities and across the country
- He worked systematically and used maps to track the spread of cholera
- 1800s
5
Q
Who was Thomas Sydenham and what did he do for medicine?
A
- He was nicknamed the English Hippocrates
- He believed in observing patients and paying close attention to their symptoms so that they can be diagnosed
- He used his observations to categorize diseases based on their symptoms, paving the way for more precise diagnosis and treatment.
- He focused on providing relief for patients and allowing the body to recover naturally
- He pioneered the use of alcohol for pain relief
- 1600s
6
Q
who was Andreas Vesalius and what did he do for medicine?
A
- He studied medicine in Paris in 1533
- His first publication in 1537 was the 6th anatomical tables which showed the different parts of the body labelled in Latin Greek Hebrew and Arabic
- Visalia’s found around 300 mistakes in Galen’s original work these included, the human lower jaw was in one part not two, and the Vena Cava did not lead to the liver
- As well as correcting these mistakes for Vesalius encouraged doctors to base their work on dissection rather than believing old books
- 1500s
7
Q
Who was Edward Jenner and what did he do for medicine?
A
- He developed the first successful vaccine by observing that milkmaids with cowpox were immune to smallpox
- He conducted experiments like injecting cowpox into a boy to see if it would make him immune to smallpox
- He paved the way for development of vaccines and saved many lives which led to the eradication of smallpox
- 17-1800s
8
Q
He was Florence Nightingale and what did she do for medicine?
A
- She improved hospital conditions by noticing the link between unsanitary conditions and disease
- She established nursing as a profession
- She published a book called notes on nursing which helped upcoming nurses and solidified her position in medicine.
- 1800s
9
Q
Who was Louis Pasteur and what did he do for medicine?
A
- His experiments disproved spontaneous generation and established the germ theory of disease, demonstrating that microorganisms cause illness.
- He developed the process of pasteurization to kill harmful bacteria in milk and other liquids, preventing spoilage and disease
- His work on germ theory led to improvements in hygiene and infection control practices, particularly in surgery
- He worked and lived in the 1800s
10
Q
Who was Robert Koch and what did he do for medicine?
A
- 18-1900s
- Koch’s work in the 1870s and 1880s established that certain bacteria caused specific diseases like anthrax, cholera, and tuberculosis
- He developed methods for culturing bacteria, including the use of agar, and staining techniques to make them visible under a microscope.
- His discoveries laid the foundation for public health practices and the development of treatments and vaccines for these diseases
11
Q
Who was Joseph Lister and what did he do for medicine?
A
- 18-1900s
- He developed and implemented a system of antiseptic surgery using carbolic acid (phenol) to sterilize instruments, dressings, and the operating environment
- Lister’s antiseptic system dramatically reduced the mortality rate in major operations from around 40% to less than 3%. His work laid the foundation for modern infection control practices.
