Medicine Through time - Key Events and People

Question 1

Medieval c. 1250 - 1500
5 points

Answer 1

1) Astrology
2) Four Humours
3) Religion
4) Miasma
5) Awful public health
6) Black Death

Question 2

Renaissance c. 1500 - 1750
5 points

Answer 2

1) Printing press
2) Thinking for yourself and asking questions
3) The great plague
4) Bad public health
5) Religious divide

Question 3

Industrial Revolution c.1750 - 1900
2 points

Answer 3

1) Shared housing
2) Poor working conditions

Question 4

Modern times 1900 - present
5 points

Answer 4

1) DNA
2) Penicillin
3) NHS
4) X-Rays
5) World wars

Question 5

Hippocrates 400 BC
3 points

Answer 5

1) Hippocratic oath - medical ethics
2) Diagnosis and observation
3) Four Humours

Question 6

Galen 162 AD

Answer 6

1) Theory of the opposites
2) Treated the Roman emperor
3) Made a lot of mistakes
4) Dissected animals

Question 7

Black Death 1348
5 points

Answer 7

1) Bubonic, Pneumonic
2) Carried by fleas on black rats
3) Plague doctors
4) Causes - God, astrology, miasma and Jews
5) 40% of population died

Question 8

Printing press - 1440
5 points

Answer 8

1) Books became cheaper
2) Literacy went up
3) Uniform copies of books
4) Spread of knowledge was easier
5) Leaflets meant news distributed

Question 9

Dissolution of the monasteries 1536

Answer 9

1) Infirmaries in monasteries were closed
2) Health care was more limited
3) replaced by pest houses and community care

Question 10

Royal society 1660

Answer 10

1) share knowledge
2) promote and carry out experiments
3) encourage argument over new scientific ideas

Question 11

Andreas Vesalius 1540s
4 points

Answer 11

1) book ‘on the fabric of the human body’
2) corrected some of Galen’s mistakes
3) encouraged doctors to base their work on dissection rather than books
4) causes huge controversy

Question 12

William Harvey 1620s
2 points

Answer 12

1) He discovered the circulatory system
2) His discoveries had little practical impact

Question 13

Thomas Sydenham 1660s - 70s
3 points

Answer 13

1) Book ‘Observationes Medicae’
2) Closely observed symptoms
3) Believed diseases could be sorted into groups

Question 14

The Great Plague 1665
3 points

Answer 14

1) Causes - astrology, God, miasma, contagion, humours
2) Treatments - transference, pray, herbal remedies, rebalance humours
3) Prevention - quarantine, pray

Question 15

Edward Jenner 1796

Answer 15

vaccination for smallpox

Question 16

Microscope 1677

Answer 16

allowed discovery of germs and revolutionised medical knowledge

Question 17

Robert Koch 1880s
3 points

Answer 17

1) New methods to grow and identify bacteria - agar jelly in a petri dish and staining bacteria
2) identified different microbes cause different diseases
3) identified TB, cholera and anthrax

Question 18

Louis Pasteur 1879
3 points

Answer 18

1) Pasteurisation
2) Germ theory
3) Chicken cholera vaccine

Question 19

Compulsory small pox vaccination 1852
2 points

Answer 19

1) When first discovered had been unpopular - inoculation, religion, class prejudice
2) once compulsory number of cases fell dramatically

Question 20

John Snow 1854

Answer 20

Linked cholera to contaminated water

Question 21

Edwin Chadwick 1842
2 points

Answer 21

1) wrote a report on public health suggesting improvement
2) Bad health was caused by poor living conditions

Question 22

The Great Stink 1858
2 points

Answer 22

1) waste overflowed into the Thames and hot weather made it smell
2) prompted the government to clean up cities

Question 23

cholera epidemics 1831, 1848, 1854
3 points

Answer 23

1) Killed 50,000 people
2) Killed 60,000 people and made people listen
3) John Snow discovered link between water and cholera- Broad street

Question 24

First Public Health act 1848
2 points

Answer 24

1) Enabled local authorities to borrow money to pay for the improvements
2) Wasn’t compulsory

Question 25

Germ theory 1861 3 points

Answer 25

1) Louis Pasteur used microscopes to challenge the idea of spontaneous generation 2) Bacteria is the cause of disease 3) He was not able to identify specific bacteria that caused disease

Question 26

Bazalgette's sewers 1866 3 points

Answer 26

1) By 1866 most of London was connected to a sewer network 2) as a result of the great stink the government employed Bazalgette 3) reduced risk and spread of cholera

Question 27

Working class men get the vote 1867

Answer 27

For political parties to gain their support they had to address public health problems

Question 28

Second public health act 1875 4 points

Answer 28

1) Improved standards of housing 2) Stopped pollution of rivers 3) made education compulsory 4) Appoint medical officers to inspect public health facilities

Question 29

Crimean War 1854

Answer 29

Mary Seacole and Florence helped to change nursing

Question 30

James Simpson 1847 3 points

Answer 30

1) Discovered the effects of chloroform 2) It could put people to sleep so allowed deeper surgeries 3) Could easily overdose and affected the heart

Question 31

William Clarke 1846 2 points

Answer 31

1) First successful demonstration of Ether as an anaesthetic 2) But it was an irritant and had side effects

Question 32

Humphrey Davy 1795

Answer 32

He discovered laughing gas as a possible anaesthetic

Question 33

Queen Victoria 1853

Answer 33

She popularised the use of chloroform

Question 34

Joseph Lister 1867

Answer 34

He used carbolic acid as an antiseptic in surgery

Question 35

Florence Nightingale 1854 3 points

Answer 35

1) At the Crimea she ordered cleaning materials, rebuilt part of the ward, removed lots of rubbish and the death rate went from 40% - 2% 2) Once returned to Britain she wrote a report to the government, wrote a book on nursing, told Queen Vic of her experiences 3) Overall she improved ventilation in hospitals, separate isolation wards for infectious patients, set up a nursing school, hospitals built from easily cleanable materials and made nursing a respectable profession

Question 36

Mary Seacole 1854 5 points

Answer 36

1) She was rejected by officials when she wanted to go to the Crimea so went herself 2) Her hospital was called 'The British Hotel' 3) She treated enemy soldiers as well as British 4) When the was over she became poor, a reporter William Rustle visited her and wrote about her in 'The Times' 5) Queen Victoria sent her a special message to congratulate her

Question 37

X-rays 1895

Answer 37

They were discovered by Wilhelm Roentgen

Question 38

First images of DNA 1951

Answer 38

Rosalind Franklin and Maurice Wilkins created images of DNA using x-rays

Question 39

Discovery of DNA 1953 2 points

Answer 39

1) Using the images of DNA James Watson and Francis Crick solved the puzzle of DNA's structure 2) It was a double helix

Question 40

Alexander Flemming 2 points

Answer 40

1) Discovered Penicillin - the first antibiotic 2) He didn't take the work any further

Question 41

Florey and Chain 1940 3 points

Answer 41

1) They developed penicillin into a usable drug 2) There was a need for penicillin during the war 3) They began the mass production of penicillin