Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

GCSE History > Medicine Unit 2 > Flashcards

Medicine Unit 2 Flashcards

(97 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What were some common illnesses in the Renaissance period?

A

Fever, toothache, gripping in the guts

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Who treated illnesses in the Renaissance period?

A

Barber surgeons
Apothecaries
Wise women
Quacks - frauds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What were the main treatments offered?

A

Bloodletting
Herbs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What became less risky during the Renaissance?

A

Surgery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

What was the Renaissance?

A

1400s-1800s when more scientific ideas were being introduced, church ideas were being challenged, people became more curious

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Where did the Renaissance begin?

A

Italy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Who was one of the key individuals of the Renaissance period? (Dissected bodies)

A

Vesalius

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What the book called that Vesalius published?

A

‘The Fabric of the Human Body’ in 1543

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What did Vesalius do to make discoveries?

A

Dissected human bodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Who did Vesalius challenge? Why?

A

He challenged Galen
Because he realised that Galens discoveries were based off of animals

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What did Vesalius do?

A

Organised how different systems in the body worked
Drew illustration of the humans anatomy - these were very accurate

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

Who did Vesalius inspire?

A

Barber surgeons

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Why was Vesalius insignificant?

A

Didn’t lead to any cures
Received some criticisms

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What were some key discoveries made in the Renaissance period?

A

Opium
Tobacco
Lemons and limes
Printing press and maps of the world created
Honey

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Where was opium discovered? What is it?

A

Discovered in Turkey
It’s an anaesthetic

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Where was tobacco discovered? What was it said to cure?

A

North America
It was said to cure the plague and toothache - wrongly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What was lemons and limes discovered to treat? Who discovered this?

A

They were found to treat scurvy
John Woodall discovered this

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

Who was Leonardo da Vinci? What did he do?

A

Studied the human body
Drew up the anatomy
Studied corpses to draw bodies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

When did Pare make the cream of rose oil discovery?

A

1537

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What did Pare discover?

A

He discovered that cream of rose oil could treat gunshot wounds by itself rather than having to apply boiling hot oil onto the wound first

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What did the cream of rose oil discovery result in?

A

Less agony for those who had gunshot wounds

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What year did Pare write a book about his cream of rose oil discovery?

A

1545 - 8 years after his discovery

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What else did Pare discover except the cream of rose oil?

A

The use of ligatures after amputations

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

Why were ligatures used?

A

They sealed wounds best

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What did ligatures replace? Why?
Cauterisation as they were better - caused less agony and led to less infection
26
What were ligatures?
When threads were used to tie wounds together
27
What was cauterisation?
Applying heat to wounds to stop bleeding
28
Why were ligatures and therefore Pare insignificant?
Could infect wounds - he never developed this idea (he gave up on it) as he was busy being a surgeon Took a long time to do
29
What is a long term impact of ligatures?
The idea behind them (applying pressure) is still used in emergency cases to stop bleeding
30
Who was Pare?
A French barber surgeon
31
What else did Pare do to help soldiers who had amputations?
Made artificial limbs
32
Who was Pare a surgeon for?
4 Kings
33
Who was Harvey?
English doctor
34
What year did Harvey work in a hospital?
1609
35
Who was Harvey a doctor for? What year did he become this persons surgeon?
King Charles I in 1632
36
What were the 4 key things that Harvey discovered?
1. Blood was made in the liver 2. Blood passed from one side of the heart to the other 3. Valves 4. Blood moved in a constant circle
37
Why was Harvey significant?
Challenged Galen - some of Galens ideas were wrong so this was useful Challenged the 4 humours and bloodletting - both ideas were wrong which helped progress medicine Discovery of circulation of blood was vital for the development of surgeries
38
Why was Harvey insignificant?
Critics said he was mad - since he went against 4 humours and Galens teaching (both incorrect) His ideas took 50 years to be accepted Thought blood was a fuel
39
What is Harvey’s long term impact on medicine?
Discovery of circulation of blood was vital for the development of surgeries Many of his ideas are true and still believed today e.g. valves, blood being made in the liver etc.
40
Who was Hunter?
Scottish army surgeon
41
What year did Hunter become an army surgeon?
1760
42
How many specimens did Hunter preserve?
3000
43
What did Hunter do to get bodies to dissect?
Robbed graves
44
Who was Hunter a doctor for? What year did he become this persons surgeon?
King George III in 1776
45
Who did Hunter train?
Edward Jenner
46
How did Hunters ideas spread?
Wrote many books which were translated into many different languages
47
What discovery did Hunter make? How was this made? (Blood supply discovery)
Discovered: if blood supply was cut off above tumours, they would be destroyed Hunter discovered this when he had a patient with an aneurysm on his joint He was going to amputate But decided to cut off blood supply above the tumour and observe 6 weeks later, the patient was ok, the aneurysm was gone
48
What were the problems with amputations?
Led to many issues - infections
49
What year did Hunter make the blood supply discovery?
1785
50
What year did Hunter inject himself with STIs?
1767
51
What STIs did Hunter inject himself with?
Gonorrhoea Syphilis
52
Why did Hunter inject himself with STIs?
It was believed that two STIs couldn’t live in the same body at the same time
53
How did Hunter remove the STIs out of his body?
Recovered by mercury treatment
54
Why was Hunter significant?
Trained other surgeons and other individuals who impacted medicine - e.g. Edward Jenner (vaccinations) Stopped the use of amputations Ideas were widely spread
55
Why was Hunter insignificant?
His STI experiment didn’t lead to any other discoveries - useless
56
Who was Edward Jenner?
English doctor
57
Who was Edward Jenner trained by?
John Hunter
58
What was believed about smallpox when Jenner was young?
It was believed that if you got smallpox once, you would be able to get it again (inoculations done because of this)
59
How did Jenner discover vaccinations?
1. A milk maid told him that she wouldn’t get smallpox as she had cowpox 2. Took puss from a cowpox scar, made a cut in James’s arm and put the puss in the cut 3. Then gave him smallpox in the same way a week later, James wasn’t affected by smallpox puss Therefore, he discovered vaccinations
60
What year did Jenner discover vaccines?
1796
61
What were inoculations?
When people are given a small amount of the same disease to stop them from getting it
62
What were the benefits of inoculations?
Saved many lives Used for a long time
63
What were the negatives of inoculations?
Dangerous Expensive
64
What did Jenner do with his discoveries?
Recorded all of his experiments
65
What was a vaccination?
Inserting a substance into the body to stop someone getting a disease
66
What were the benefits of vaccinations?
Less dangerous & cheaper Gave people immunity from diseases - more effective than inoculations Made compulsory - saved hundreds of lives
67
What were the negatives of the discovery of vaccinations?
Many rejected them - anti vaccination movement Stopped being compulsory Could lead to infections
68
When were vaccines made compulsory?
1853
69
When happened if you didn’t vaccinate your child when they were compulsory?
Parents were fined
70
Who led the anti vaccination movement?
Mainly the working class- felt like the government was interfering too much with their lives
71
What was the main reason for the anti vaccination movement?
Many thought they lead to infections Moral and ethical reasons
72
What year did vaccinations stop being compulsory?
1898
73
Why was Jenner significant?
Supported by the royal family - 1821, he was appointed physician to King George IV Granted £30,000 by the government Discovered vaccinations - still used today His ideas spread quickly to America and Europe
74
Why was Jenner insignificant?
He never understood the science behind vaccines just knew they worked - lack of understanding His ideas weren’t accepted by all doctors Anti vaccination movement - vaccines stopped being compulsory Vaccines only became compulsory in 1853 - 30 years after he died
75
Why did many doctors not agree with vaccinations?
They got more money from inoculations Were still unsure if they worked
76
Why did Jenner have a long term impact on medicine?
Vaccinations still widely used today Smallpox isn’t around anymore - has been eradicated
77
When did the Great Plague begin?
Spring 1665
78
Where did the Great Plague come from?
China and spread to Europe through trade
79
When did the Great Plague become a pandemic?
Summer 1665
80
When was London closed?
June 1665 - only a few people allowed in
81
What were symptoms of the Great Plague?
Buboes Coughing Bruises
82
How long did it take for a victim of the Great Plague to die?
A few days
83
What was used for the first time during the Great Plague that is used today and helped prevent the spread of the plague?
Quarantine - red crosses were painted on doors which had infected people in them
84
How many people died due to the Great Plague in London?
Around 100,000
85
What did the rich and the poor do during the Great Plague?
Rich - fled Poor - stayed and died
86
What were dead bodies buried in?
Mass graves
87
What were the traditional cures used during the Great Plague?
Fires lit to remove poisons in the air - miasma People bled themselves with leeches Puppies were cut alive and applied to sores
88
What were the scientific cures used during the Great Plague?
The dead were immediately buried Trade was stopped Plays and games were banned - to stop crowds forming
89
What disaster helped stop the Great Plague?
The Great Fire of London
90
How did the Great Fire of London help stop the Great Plague?
Burnt and killed all the rats with the bacteria
91
When was the Great Fire of London?
1666
92
What were the assumed causes of the Great Plague?
Stray animals Miasma Astrology Religion (decreased a little)
93
What was the real cause of the Great Plague?
Yersinia Pestis
94
What was used to treat the Great Plague?
Herbs were used BUT a cure was never found
95
What were the main consequences of the Great Plague?
Mass graves 100,000 of London died Many animals were killed
96
Whose ideas were able to be spread? How?
Hunter, Pare and Vesalius - they wrote books about the discoveries which spread ideas due to the discovery of the printing press - produced the books more quickly so reached more people
97
How were things like tobacco and opium able to be discovered?
Maps were created - enabled people to go by ships to other countries and discover things

GCSE History (14 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions