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Flashcards in Medieval Europe Deck (9)
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1
Q

What are the 3 time divisions of the Medieval period?

A

Early Middle Ages (c.500 - 1000)

High Middle Ages (c.1000 - 1300)

Late Middle Ages (c.1300 - 1500)

2
Q

What are the key events of the Early Middle Ages?

A
  • Romans lost their power in the West
  • The Dark Ages - the destruction, social upheaval and lawlessness of this time.
  • The rule of Charlemagne
3
Q

What are the key events of the High Middle Ages?

A
  • A long period of warmer weather helped provide better conditions for farming. People began settling new areas in the east, and clearing large areas of forests and marshes to increase the land available for crops. New farming techniques improved soil quality and the number of people that farmland could feed. The resulting rapid growth in population strengthened economies through most of Europe.
  • In 1054, after centuries of conflict over key issues, Christians in the east split from the Catholic Church in support of the Orthodox Church in eastern Europe.
  • a series of Crusades (military campaigns) between 1095 and 1291, over control of the city of Jerusalem, the land of Israel and beyond.
4
Q

What are the key events of the Late Middle Ages?

A

In the Late Middle Ages, Europe suffered wars, a major famine in 1315–17 and, from c.1347 to 1353, the Black Death. Europe’s population decreased by up to 50 per cent and its economic prosperity decreased as well.

5
Q

What is the feudal system?

A

a system of organising a society by providing land in return for loyalty and work.

6
Q

Who introduced the feudal system and why?

A

Charlemagne (c.747–814 CE) introduced this system in the ninth century to help him control large areas of land in Gaul (France). Feudalism gradually spread as Charlemagne gained more land in northern, western and central Europe.

7
Q

What do Historians think that Pope Urban II encouraged the Crusades to do?

A
  • provide safety for pilgrims
  • bring Jerusalem, and the ‘Holy Land’ around it, under Christian rule
  • provide an outlet for the violence, campaigns of terror and thirst for adventure that many young (landless) European knights indulged in after the breakdown of Charlemagne’s empire and the end of Viking raids
  • unify Christians behind a common cause that would end the divisions between Catholicism and the Orthodox Church.
8
Q

What agreement did King Richard I and Saladin have?

A

He came to a five-year agreement with Saladin that:

  • ensured the safety of pilgrims, Christian sites and Christians living within Jerusalem
  • allowed the Crusaders to keep control of their cities along the eastern Mediterranean
  • promised that Muslims and Christians could live freely within each other’s territories.
9
Q

What did the Middle Class of Medieval Europe have the rights to?

A
  • hold a market
  • control prices
  • make and administer laws
  • elect a mayor and town council
  • weigh and measure all goods sold and so ensure that people were trading honestly.