Medieval Medicine (1250-1500) Flashcards
What was the Hippocratic Oath and who created it?
The Hippocratic Oath is something that doctors still have to sign today. It is to say that the doctor will not cause intentional harm to a patient when carrying out a surgery, treatment or procedure.
It was created by Hippocrates
What did Hippocrates encourage doctors to do?
Hippocrates encouraged doctors to look for natural explanations for disease, because he believed there was an explanation for disease beyond religion and superstition.
Why did Galen’s belief in monostheism help his theories to become more popular?
Galen’s belief in there being one God led to the Church, who were very strict on ideas about the cause of disease, to support his ideas.
Who created the Theory of the Four Humours and what were the four parts?
Hippocrates created the Theory of the Four Humours
The four parts were: Phlegm, blood, black bile, yellow bile
What was believed to happen if your humours were imbalanced?
If your humours were imbalanced, they believed that you would fall ill
What was the Theory of Opposites and who created it?
Galen created the Theory of Opposites
The idea was that the opposite would be applied to an excess humour.
(For example: Too much blood (which was hot and wet) could be rebalanced by eating something cool (like cucumber))
How did the black death arrive in England?
The black death bacteria was carried in the digestive system of fleas, who arrived in England on rats, carried on merchant ships.
Give 2 symptoms of the black death
Chest pains and breathing troubles
Fever
Sneezing and coughing up blood
Boils and black buboes appearing in the groin and armpits
Give 3 effects the black death had on society
The black deaths effect on society:
People thought it would be the end of the world
20 million people died
Some buildings never got finished
Over 60 priests died
Harvests were ungathered and livestock was never tended to - which caused famine
People thought it was God’s punishment
Half of the towns became ghost towns
People believed Jews were poisoning the wells
Who were barber surgeons?
Barber surgeons were people who had access to razors and did a lot of medical procedures. They did not get training
Give 2 jobs that a barber surgeon performed
Barber surgeons:
Cut people’s hair
Did bloodletting
Amputated people’s arms and legs
Who were apothecaries?
Apothecaries were people who sold herbal remedies in medieval times. Female apothecaries were called “wise women”
Why did many people use apothecaries and not physicians?
Most people couldn’t afford to pay physicians, so they used apothecaries
What were vivisections?
A vivisection was a dissection of the body of a criminal. This was accepted because criminals bodies were seen as imperfect
What was trepanning?
Trepanning was the practice of cutting a hole in the skull to release evil spirits
What is amputation?
Amputation is the process of removing a limb
What was cauterisation?
Cauterisation was the process of burning a wound to stop the blood flow
What was bloodletting?
Bloodletting was losing blood to balance the humours