Medieval Warfare and English Society c1250-c1500

Question 1

What did Medieval armies (c1250-c1500) consist of?

Answer 1

Knights
Archers
Infantry

Question 2

Who were the knights?

Answer 2

The rich men who owned land

Question 3

How did the knights fight?

Answer 3

They fought on horseback and wore heavy armour

Question 4

Why were knights important?

Answer 4

They led the armies and were the best fighters

Question 5

Who were the Archers?

Answer 5

Regular people of England

Question 6

How did the Archers fight?

Answer 6

They used longbows to shoot arrows from a distance

Question 7

Why were longbows so effective?

Answer 7

They were really powerful and could pierce through armour

Question 8

Who were the infantry?

Answer 8

The poor people that fought on foot

Question 9

How did the infantry fight?

Answer 9

They used dimple weapons like spears and swords

Question 10

Who were the majority of the army?

Answer 10

The infantry

Question 11

Who were the cavalry?

Answer 11

The knights on horseback

Question 12

How were soldiers recruited in c1250-c1500?

Answer 12

The king bribed nobles with land in exchange for military service
Peasants were forced to fight

Question 13

How did training differ between knights and infantry in c1250-c1500?

Answer 13

Knights trained from childhood and were very skilled

Peasants had no training and were incompetent

Question 14

How did armies use cavalry to fight in c1250-c1500?

Answer 14

They would charge at enemies with their lances

Question 15

How did armies use archers to fight in c1250-c1500?

Answer 15

They could shoot multiple long bows quickly that could pierce through armour

Question 16

What were shiltrons?

Answer 16

A scottish tactic were soldiers stood is a circle with their spears pointing out to kill cavalry

Question 17

How did armies use shiltrons to fight in c1250-c1500?

Answer 17

Enemy cavalry charges would run straight into the spears - killing the horse and the knight

Question 18

What were pitched battles

Answer 18

Battles fought in open fields

Question 19

What weapons did infantry use in c1250-c1500?

Answer 19

Spears and swords

Question 20

What weapons did knights use in c1250-c1500?

Answer 20

Swords, lances and maces

Question 21

What did knights wear for protection in c1250-c1500?

Answer 21

Heavy plated armour. It was very expensive so only the rich could afford it

Question 22

What did infantry wear for protection in c1250-c1500?

Answer 22

They couldn’t afford armour so just wore leather.

Question 23

What was the role of the King in the army in c1250-c1500?

Answer 23

They was the commander of the army

Question 24

How did the King raise money for wars in c1250-c1500?

Answer 24

He introduced taxes and borrowed money from wealthy land owners or churches

Question 25

How did war affect civilians in c1250-c1500?

Answer 25

Armies would loot homes, steal valuables and burn buildings Taxation made life harder

Question 27

Who led the English army in th Battle of Agincourt 1415?

Answer 27

Henry V

Question 28

What disadvantages did Henry V have in the Battle of Agincourt 1415?

Answer 28

He was in French Territory His soldiers were suffering from sickness They were outnumbered They were low on supplies

Question 29

How much men did Henry V have compared to France in the Battle of Agincourt?

Answer 29

English men: 6,000 French men: 15,000

Question 30

What was the terrain like in the battle of Agincourt?

Answer 30

Narrow and muddy

Question 31

Why was the terrain an advantage for the Englishmen in the battle of Agincourt 1415?

Answer 31

It was too slippery for the heavily armed French Cavalry to move effectively

Question 32

What mistakes did the French make in the Battle of Agincourt 1415 that allowed England to win?

Answer 32

Their cavalry charged but the muddy ground slowed them down This allowed english archers to fire hundreds of arrows - killing many French soilders

Question 33

What did Medieval armies in c1250-c1500 consist of?

Answer 33

Knights Archers Infrantru

Question 34

Why was warfare uncommon in c1250-c1500?

Answer 34

Extremely expensive to fund

Question 35

What was scrutage/shield money?

Answer 35

Where the upper class paid money to the king to avoid military service.

Question 36

Who led the Battle or Crécy 1346?

Answer 36

Edward III

Question 38

What was the nature of Warfare like in c1250-c1500?

Answer 38

Short, chaotic battles that were fought up close

Question 39

What did King's use war for?

Answer 39

To strengthen their claim to the throne Show military and national strength

Question 40

Who were fighting and leading in the battle of Falkirk 1298?

Answer 40

William Wallace, Scotland Edward I, England

Question 41

How did the English win in the Battle of Falkirk 1298?

Answer 41

The scottish didn't expect the overwhelming fires from english longbowmen England were more well-equipped and skilled

Question 44

What was the assize of arms 1181?

Answer 44

Where it was compulsory for every man to own weapons so that they are ready if the King recruits them for battle

Question 45

Why did William Wallace put up a good fight against Edward I in the Battle of Falkirk 1298?

Answer 45

The scottish use of schiltrons were very effective against English Cavalry

Question 46

What was the aim of the Hundred Years War? 1337 - 1455

Answer 46

Where England tried to gain as much French land as possible

Question 47

What stayed the same about armies in 1250-1500?

Answer 47

Size of the armies