Medival Times Flashcards
(117 cards)
1
Q
What was the order of the feudal system
A
-king (top
- lord (vassals to king
- knights (vassals to lords
-peasant / serfs
2
Q
What did the king own
A
He owned all the land in the country,he gave an area of land called a fief to lords and nobles
3
Q
What did the lord and nobles give
A
They gave some land to professional soldiers
4
Q
What did the lords and nobles do in return for the land given
A
They supplied the king with soldiers & horses for his army
5
Q
Wyatt did knights do in the feudal system
A
The knights given to the king fought for nobles & the king
6
Q
What did peasants do on the feudal system
A
Worked the land for nobles in return the knights offered them protection
7
Q
What is feudalism
A
The system of land ownership where rulers divided land among their followers in return for loyalty and taxes
8
Q
What was a fief
A
A piece of land given in return vassles for loyalty and taxes
9
Q
A
10
Q
True or false a medieval lord was very powerful
A
True - he owned huge amounts of kand
11
Q
When would the lady of the castle marry
A
Married at a young age: marriages were arranged by the 2 parents
12
Q
What were the lords duties
A
To maintain order in land , act as a judge & train soldiers
13
Q
Why is the lord often away from home
A
He was in battles for the king
14
Q
What did the lord do in his leisure
A
He went hunting or hawking,held tournaments
15
Q
What was a tournament
A
Events for knights featuring mock battles & jousting contests
16
Q
What did men wear
A
Long tunics & trousers of fine wool
17
Q
What were the ladies main duties
A
Bear the children as heirs
18
Q
Were did the family live
A
Upstairs in the keep near the chapel in a warm sunny room called the solar
19
Q
What would do lady do in the solar
A
The lady would weave teach the children or play music
20
Q
What did women wear
A
full length dresses
21
Q
How were clothes decorated
A
Clothing was embroidered or dyed in vivid colours to show the wearers wealth
22
Q
What did the richest people wear
A
Silk brought from asia
23
Q
We’re were feast held
A
In the great hall
24
Q
What did the great hall have
A
Big fireplaces and tapestry on the walls
25
26
What were served at feasts
Beef pork mutton duck deer pheasant or rabbit was served
27
Why couldn’t meat be kept for long
They didn’t have refrigeration
28
What did they do to keep meat fresh
They salted it
29
What did Norman’s do to control their Newly conquered territory
A lord would build a temporary castle called a motte and Bailey
30
What was a motte
A small artificial hill with a tower or keep at the top
31
What was below the motte/hill
A large enclosed area where soldiers lived surrounded by high wooden fences & a ditch or moat
32
What were medieval stone castles
Huge fortifications, took several years and several hundred men to build it
33
What were curtain walls for
Protected those inside & enclosed the castle
34
What was the keep
The main building, held the lords apartments the great hall and a chapel
35
Why were the windows narrow
To keep in heat and make defence sharper
36
What were below the keep
The dungeons - used to keep food cool and hold prisoners
37
What were battlements /what were they used for
Ran along the top of the keep & walls soldiers would patrol along them day & night
38
What were towers or turrets
We’re built into walls at regular intervals especially corners
39
What was the Bailey
The enclosed area under & around the keep here was the stables,workshops kitchen well and soldiers lodgings
40
What happened if the castle was under attack
Animals & people from the surrounding area could be brought inside for protection
41
What was in the gate house
The drawbridge and porticullus could be found
42
What was a drawbridge
Could be raised and lowered
43
What was the porticulus
A metal grid that could be lowered over the gate if necessary
44
What surrounded the castle
A deep ditch filled with water called a moat
45
What was widespread during the Middle Ages
Warfare
46
What were key to defence
Castles
47
What did defenders do if under attack
Fire arrows down the walls or pour boiling water or il onto the attackers
48
What was gunpowder from
Brought to Europe from china and cannons were invented
49
What were the 3 main types of soldiers
- foot soldiers
- archers
- knights
50
Who were foot soldiers
- made up the largest part of the army
- fought with swords daggers & spears
-wore little armou
- were peasents
51
Who were the archers
- fought with bow & arrow or a long bow or crossbow
- wore protective clothing
52
Who were the knights
- minor nobles
- swore an oath of chivalry
- wore full body around & fought on horseback e.g shield helmet and chainmail
-used swords and maces in battles
53
True or false there were few knights in the army
True -only a few hundred
54
What were the 2 ways for a a man to become a knight
-foot soldier showed exceptional bravery in battle
- ( main way) 3 stage process followed by son of nobles
55
56
What were the three stages of becoming a knight
Page ( 7)
Squire (14
Knight (21
57
What did the page do
-Age of 7 a bow would be sent to live with family of another lord
- taught to ride a horse use a sword sing & dance
- taught manners manners & helped lady of the castle
58
What did the squire do
Age 14 the boy began to learn to fight on horseback
- he would accompany the lord on battle
Look after his horse & weapons
- helped the lord dress for battle
59
What happened when the boy became a knight
- at age if 21 he was eligible to become a knight
- he spent the knight before the ceremony in prayer in the chapel (dubbing
- dresses in a white robe & full armour
- took part in the ceremony of dubbing
60
What did the boy have to do before becoming a knight
- swore an oath of chivalry
61
What was an oath of chivalry
To stay loyal to his lord & protect the poor & weak
62
What did knights do in free time
- often took part in tournaments
- these featured mock battles ( 2 knights on horseback charged at eachother and tried to know eachother off ) called jousting
63
64
We’re were medieval towns built
- Often built in rivers or in the coast ( so people could make trade)
-
65
What was a charter and why is one needed
- A town needed a charter from the king
- This was a contract where the town was granted freedom to run itself but pays taxes to the king
66
Who ran the town
A mayor ran the town (they enforced laws
67
Why was high walls built in a town
In case of attack
68
Why did a town have strong gates
The only way in or out of the town
Had to pay a toll or a tax to enter
69
70
What did the main or high street do
Ran from the market square into the centre of the town
71
Where did the rich live
People who were richer lived on the market square
72
What were the narrow streets in the town
Ran off the Main Street & contained houses and shops
73
What are the common features in a town
-high walls. - string gates. - main / high street. - market square. -narrow streets
74
What are some buildings in a medeival town
Church/cathedral. Fairgreen. Market
75
What was the church in the town
The church was the centre of the town
76
Why would a town have a cathedral
If a bishop was there
77
Why was there a fairgreen
For annual fairs
78
What was the fair green market for
This was a huge market selling exotic things like spices and silk
79
What were average peoples houses built like
-made of wood
- several stories high
- higher floors stuck out onto the street
- Gardens to grow crops
80
What were crafts men houses like
- Had shops or workshops in the ground floor
81
Why did the town do about fires
- fires were a constant danger due to the use of wood
- towns imposed curfews (curfew bell signaled the time to cover or extinguish fires for the night
82
.what were streets like
- incredibly dirty (ppl emptied contents of chamber pots outside every morning
- animals were free to roam streets
Cramped streets
83
84
85
What was a girls life like
Tought to cook and clean
Often married at around 12 chosen by father
86
What did a boy do
Boys usually took up their fathers trade
87
What are the steps of becoming a master craftsman
- apprentice (slept in workshop received no pay
- could become a journeyman after 7 years ( paid for work and travelled to different shops
- he created a masterpiece example of work
If guild thought it was good enough he could open a shop
88
Why did a lot of people die in medieval times
Medieval conditions were cramped and filthy
- even minor wounds became infected may lose arm leg or die
- death in battlefield was common
- influenza and smallpox was popular
- women faced danger of childbirth
89
What was the Black Death
- worst disease in Europe
- killed 1/3 of Europe
- brought from fleas ( believed to be brought from ships
- very contagious
90
What were the symptoms of the Black Death
Oozing swelling all over body and discoloured skin
91
Why did people believe the Black Death happened
- result of gods anger at human sin
- others blamed outsider like Jews
92
Impact of Black Death?
- feudal system declined (serfs left manors & moved to the tows to replace those who died
- peasents who remained in land were able to demand better treatment from lords
- failure to fund a cure lead to big changes in medicine during the renaissance
93
What was the punishment of women’s gossip
The scolds bride (silence wearer from speaking intirely
94
What was the punishment for not working hard enough
Flogging (hung by hair and beaten
95
Cheating or drunkenness
Put in stocks (held at ankles). Pillory (held at wrist)
96
Witchcraft
Hanging or burnt at stake
97
Theft
Hands cut off
98
Murder
Hanging /beheading
99
Heresy
Banishment or burnt at stake
100
High treason
hanged, drawn and quartered.
101
What did a medieval manor have
A mill. Blacksmiths forge. Bailif (person who ran manor in the lords absence)
102
What did most manors have woodland
Peasents could collect wood for fire or building homes
103
True or false only the lords could hunt the animals in the would land
True - peasents were forbidden
104
Who were freemen
Had to pay rent to the lord & pay a TITHE 1/10 of their inc
105
True or false freemen could marry and leave the manor as they wished
True
106
True or false serfs belonged to the lord
True
107
How many days a week did the serfs work for the lord
6 days
108
What did serfs get in return for their work
A small plot of land
109
True or false serfs could marry or leave the manor whenever they wished
False
110
What was the rule of serfs escaping
If they escaped for a year and a day they were freemen
111
What did a serfs home have
Wattle & doub walls on earthen floor and thatched roof
112
What was the inside of a serfs home like
Inside was cramped dark and Smokey they farmed outside
113
True or false the animals slept outside the housesst nighttime
False they slept in the house
114
What did peasents or serfs drink
Ale a week beer made of barley
115
True or false they are meat rarely
True (they are meat at Christmas and Easter
116
What did a female serf do
Looked after the home cooked made clothes and reared the kids
117
What were the serfs leisure day
Sundays and saint days
