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Dental Medicine > Meds 11-20 > Flashcards

Meds 11-20 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the brand name of Metoprolol tartrate?

A

Lopressor, Toprol-XL

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2
Q

What would Metoprolol tartrate treat? (drug category)

A

Cardiovascular Agent Beta Blocker, cardioselective.

(Non-selctive betablockers enhance the pressor response to epinephrine , resulting in hypertension and bradycardia. This has not been reported for metoprolol, a selective agent.)

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3
Q

Why would a patient be taking Metoprolol tartrate?

A

Treatment of angina pectoris, hypertension, hemodynamically stable acute myocardial infarction

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4
Q

A patient reports that they are taking Metoprolol tartrate. What side effects should you watch out for?

A

Hypotension, bradycardia (low heart rate), dizziness, fatigue

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5
Q

True or False:

Because Metoprolol tartrate is a Cardioselective Beta Blocker, you should take precautions when using epinephrine.

A

FALSE

Only need to be careful when using NON-selective beta blockers

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6
Q

What are the implications of using NSAIDs on a patient taking Metoprololtartrate?

A 
Short term (3days): no precautions needed
Long term (3weeks): therapeutic effect of beta blocker may be decrased
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7
Q

A patient reports taking a medication for her major depressive disorder and anxiety, but can’t remember the name. What is the possible drug that would treat these disorders (generic and brand name)?

A

Generic: Escitalopram
Brand: Lexapro

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8
Q

What are the oral implications of Escitalopram?

A

Xerostomia (dry mouth) but goes away with stopping drug
Has potential to cause prolonged bleeding time, especially if used with aspirin, NSAIDs, or other anticoagulants. Routine interruption for most dental procedures is not warranted.

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9
Q

What side effects should you watch out for if a patient says he is taking Escitalopram?

A

Headache, Sleep problems, nausea, dizziness, fatigue, other CNS side effects

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10
Q

What is the generic name of Zithromax?

A

Azithromycin

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11
Q

Why would a patient be taking Azithromycin?

A

Bacterial infections - otitis media, pharyngeal infections or pneumonia caused by Hemophilus influenza or Staphylococcus organisms, 500 mg/day, 5-7 days

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12
Q

What drug may be used to treat otitis media, and what dose may be prescribed to the patient?

A

Azithromycin

500 mg/day, 5-7 days

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13
Q

What oral implications should you watch out for in patients taking Zithromax?

A

Nothing

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14
Q

What are potential side effects of Zithromax?

A

Diarrhea, nausea

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15
Q

A patient indicates that she suffers from asthma. What drug may the patient be taking in her inhaler?

A

Generic: Albuterol

Brand name: ProAir HFA

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16
Q

How does Albuterol work in patients with asthma?

A

Bronchodilator

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17
Q

Albuterol is a great bronchodilator, but what side effects should you watch out for patients on this medication?

A

Tachycardias or arrhythmias, but no restriction on epinephrine use

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18
Q

What is the drug category of Escitalopram?

A

Anti-depressant, SSRI (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor)

19
Q

What drug may be used as an antibiotic prophylactic for Infective Endocarditis?

A

Azithromycin

20
Q

What does a hydrochlorothiazide treat?

A

Mild to moderate hypertension, edema, congestive heart failure

21
Q

A patient is taking Microzide for her hypertension. What should you be careful of when treating the patient in the dental setting?

A

Be careful of orthostatic side effects - make sure the patient doesn’t stand up too quickly when getting up from the dental chair. A patient with hypertension is at increased
risk for a medical emergency during dental care, such as a
heart attack.

22
Q

This drug is a diuretic that acts to block sodium resorption in the distal tubules of the kidney, causing increased secretion of sodium and water and potassium and
hydrogen ions. Knowing that it is used to treat hypertension, what drug could this be?

A

Hydrochlorothiazide

23
Q

What pharmacotherapeutic agent would a type 2 diabetic patient be taking?

A

General: Metformin
Brand: Glucophage, Fortamet

24
Q

Aside from type 2 and gestational diabetic treatment, what other disease/syndrome is Metformin used for?

A

Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

25
Q

What are the side effects of Metformin?

A

Diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, flatulence

26
Q

Diabetic patients run into a whole host of problems in their overall health. What are some oral complications of diabetes?

A

Diabetic patients are at risk for periodontitis, xerostomia,
oral yeast infections and delayed healing and increased
risk of infection after oral surgery

27
Q

What oral side effect may a patient taking Metformin report?

A

Taste disorder

28
Q

What is the drug category of Metformin?

A

Anti-diabetic, biguanide

29
Q

Setraline is used to manage what disorders?

A 
Anxiety or depression
Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD)
Panic disorder
Post-traumatic stress-disorder
Pre-menstrual dysphoric
Social anxiety disorder
Eating disorders
30
Q

Escitalopram and Setraline are/use what type of drug category/mechanism?

A

Anti-depressant, SSRI

31
Q

What is the brand name of Setraline?

A

Zoloft

32
Q

Escitalopram and Setraline have what oral implications?

A

Xerostomia (dry mouth) but goes away with stopping drug
Has potential to cause prolonged bleeding time, especially if used with aspirin, NSAIDs, or other anticoagulants. Routine interruption for most dental procedures is not warranted

33
Q

What are the side effects of Zoloft?

A

Dizziness, fatigue, other CNS side effects

34
Q

What drug would you give a patient pre-operatively to reduce post-operative swelling and healing time?

1) General
2) Brand Name
3) Dosage

A

1) Ibuprofen
2) Advil, Motrin, Midol
3) 400-600 mg every 6 hrs prior to appointment

35
Q

What drug category is Ibuprofen?

A

NSAID

36
Q

What are the possible side effects of Advil, Motrin or Midol?

A

GI bleeding/ulcer,stroke/MI, thromboembolism,

hepato-& nephrotoxicity

37
Q

What is Lasix used for?

A

Management of edema associated with heart failure and hepatic or renal disease
Acute pulmonary edema
Hypertension

38
Q

What is the generic name of Lasix?

A

Furosemide

39
Q

What is the drug category of Furosemide?

A

Loop diuretic

40
Q

What drug is taken for insomnia?

A

Generic: Zolpidem
Brand: Ambien

41
Q

What drug is a hypnotic, non-benzodiazapine?

A

Zolpidem

42
Q

What are potential side effects of Zolpidem?

A

Dizziness
Headache
Somnolence (drowsiness, sleepiness)

43
Q

What are the oral implications of Zolpidem?

A

Xerostomia

44
Q

What drugs can possibly cause xerostomia?

A

Escitalopram

Albuterol

Setraline

Zolpidem

Dental Medicine (3 decks)

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