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Pharm Test 5 MEDS > Meds > Flashcards

Meds Flashcards

(91 cards)

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1
Q

Sulindac

A

COX1 inhibitor

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2
Q

Piroxicam

A

COX1 inhibitor

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3
Q

ASA

A

COX1
Irreversible (8-10 days)

1200-1500 mg TID
For: Rheumatoid, fever
GI upset

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4
Q

Ibuprofen

A

COX 1= COX 2
Less GI upset than ASA

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5
Q

Meclofenamate

A

COX 1= COX2

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6
Q

Celecoxib
(Celebrex)

A

COX 2
Use: Arthritis
CV thrombus box warn
**with food, Increase CYP2C9

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7
Q

Indomethacin

A

Non-specific COX inhibitor

Inhibits COX AND Lipoxygenase Synthesis

Uses: Arthritis, gout, Patent Ductus Arteriosus
GI issues: 1/3 patients

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8
Q

Diclofenac (Voltaren)

What other med can you give with it to relieve side effect?

A

Non-specific COX inhibitor
Inhibits COX AND Lipoxygenase Synthesis

Use: Pain, inflammation, fever

Decrease the 20% of GI upset with Misoprostol

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9
Q

Tylenol

A

COX2- but not NSAID, no anti-inflammation

TOXIC: 15g = FATAL

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10
Q

Glucocorticoid

^Transcription of:

Inhib synthesis of:

A

^ Transcription of : Annexin 1= suppress phospholipase and AA. Inhib leukocyte response

Inhib Inh-NFxB: pro-inflammatory cytokine

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11
Q

Methotrexate

A

Non-biologic DMARDS
*Adenosine production

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12
Q

Cyclophosphamide

A

Non-biologic DMARDS

Cyclophosphamide – B&T cell suppression

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13
Q

Cyclosporine

A

Non-biologic DMARDS

Cyclosporine – Inhibition of interleukins

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14
Q

Abatacept (Orencia)

A

Biologic DMARDS

Abatacept (Orencia) – Blocks T-cell activation

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15
Q

Rituximab

A

Biologic DMARDS

Rituximab (Rituxan) – Depletes B-lymphocytes

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16
Q

Adalimumab

A

Biologic DMARDS

Adalimumab (Humira) – anti-TNF-α

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17
Q

μ (mu)

Full agonist:
Partial Agonist:
Antagonist:

A

Full agonist: morphine, fentanyl
Partial agonist: codeine, oxycodone
Antagonist: naloxone (Narcan)

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18
Q

Morphine

ADME:

A

Phenanthrene

A: Well absorbed (IM, SQ, Oral)
D: Highly perfused tissues – accumulation

M: Morphine – Phase II to active forms (M3G, M6G)

Esters (heroin) – tissue esterases to morphine

Other – Phase I (CYP3A4, CYP2D6)

E: Mainly in urine

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19
Q

Meperidine (Demerol)

A

POST- OP SHIVERING

Phenylpiperidine

Meperidine (Demerol)
Antimuscarinic effects (tachycardia)
(-) inotrope
Seizures
Usage decreasing due to side effects

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20
Q

Methadone

A

Methadone
Use: Chronic pain (morphine tolerance)

Duration=: 4-6hrs
Long half-life (25-50 hrs)

CYP3A4
Opioid abuse

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21
Q

Fentanyl

A

Phenylpiperidine

Strong Opioid

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22
Q

Propoxyphene (Darvon)

A

Propoxyphene (Darvon) - decreasing

Phenylheptylamine
Moderate Opioid

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23
Q

Percocet
vs
Percodan

A

Percocet: Oxy + Tylenol
Percodan: Oxy+ ASA

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24
Q

Codeine/ Oxycodone

A

Phenanthrenes

Moderate Opioids

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25
Loperamide (Immodium)
Phenylpiperidine Moderate Opioid Loperamide (Immodium) Use:– diarrhea Low incidence of abuse Review: CNS effect with Quinidine
26
Naloxone naltrexone
Derivatives of Morphine Naltrexone last longer than Naloxone (1-3mins)
27
Penicillin
Inhibits cell wall synthesis. Gram + / Anaerobes 5 ring+ B lactam ring Hypersensitivity Most common drug allergy Can cross react with similar antibiotics Allergic reactions Anaphylactic shock (0.05%) Skin rash (<1%) Oral lesions Hemolytic anemia Interstitial nephritis
28
Cephalosporin
Inhibits cell wall synthesis. Gram +/ Anarobes -More resistant to b-lactamase -Broader spectrum -First Generation -Better gram (+) activity -Uses:UTI, Staph -Alternative to PCN (less allergy)
29
Vancomycin
-Resistant to beta-lactamase -Alternative to PCN resistant bacteria (MRSA) -“Drug of last resort” Toxicity: 10% adverse reactions Irritating to tissues, Chills/fever, Ototoxicity, nephrotoxicity, “Red neck” syndrome Binds to amino acid and prevents the cross-link enzyme
30
polymyxins
Disruption of Cell Membrane Function: GRAM (-) Polypeptide antibiotics (polymyxins) Act as detergents Bind to phospholipids
31
Tetracyclines
Inhibit protein synthesis Bacteriostatic widest spectrum of activity of any antibiotics destroy the normal intestinal microbiota =severe gastrointestinal disorders – bone deposition disorder
32
Macrolides: Clarithromycin (Biaxin) Azithromycin (Zithromax)
Antibiotic: inhibition of protein synthesis Semi-synthetic derivatives Erythromycin: -Protoype drug -Streptomyces erythreus Spectrum: (+), (-), Atypicals
33
Rifamycin
Antibiotic that inhib Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhib mRNA synthesis
34
Quinolones Types: Cipro, Levaquin, Floxin
Antibiotic that inhib Nucleic Acid Synthesis Inhibit DNA gyrase (bacterial) Excellent Gram (-) activity Good Gram (+) Uses: UTI, RTI Bone and joint infections ADR
35
Sulfonamides trimethoprim
Sulfonamides - Anti-biotics inhibits folic acid synthesis Similar to PABA Inhib: Synthesis of folic acid Use: -Pneumocystis (pneumonia) - toxoplasmosis (parasite from uncooked meat) Conjunction with trimethoprim Bactrim, Septra Toxicity: Allergenic May precipitate in urine Hematopoetic disturbances
36
Zidovudine (Azidothymidine, AZT)
Antiretroviral Nucleoside/Nucleotide Analogs Combined with other antivirals in Highly Active Antiretroviral Therapy (HAART) Inhibitor of reverse transcriptase
37
Lamivudine
Antiretroviral Nucleoside/Nucleotide Analogs MOA: -Inhibits HBV DNA polymerase -HIV reverse transcriptase
38
Telbivudine
Antiretroviral Nucleoside/Nucleotide Analogs ***HBV*** Hepatitis B MOA: inhibits HBV DNA polymerase (reverse transcriptase) by competing with the natural substrate, thymidine 5’-triphosphate
39
Tenofovir
Antiretroviral Nucleoside/Nucleotide Analogs **Hep B** Activity against HBV and HIV-1 Effective in treating lamivudine-resistant Hep B
40
Oseltamivir phosphate (Tamiflu)
Early flu med, ok 3 months +
41
Zanamivir (relenza)
Powdered inhalant for flu dont give to COPD- irritant
42
Baloxivir marboxil (Xofluza)
One time dose med for FLU dont give to pregnant women
43
Levodopa
Increases DOPAMINE for parkinson Not a good BBB- give with Carbidopa give Primavanserin if visuals Parkinson: SNCA- alpha Synuclein/ lewy bodies in nigro-strial pathway
44
Tetrabenazine
Huntington’s: Destruction of GABAnergic neurons -Only 30-40s, no cure, -Autosomal Dominant-- Chromosome 4 -PROGRESSIVE loss of muscle control --> Chorea/Dementia -Huntingtin protein Need to decrease dopamine (tetrabenazine)
45
Carbidopa
Improve the uptake of Levodopa by inhibiting dopa-carboxylase Prevent breakdown of dopamine before it gets to brain
46
tolcapone
Improved uptake dopamine with COMT inhibitors
47
pimavanserin (Nuplazid)
Decrease toxicity (hallucinations) for carbidopa, levodopa
48
Selegeline
MAO-B inhibitors Increase dopamine available for parkinson
49
Apomorphine
On-Off Phenomenon – Long-term use Periods of increased mobility, followed by marked akinesia can decrease symptoms
50
Tetrabenazine
Benign Hereditary Chorea Autosomal Dominant Chorea in childhood, no progression, no dementia also for Huntington's Disease: autosomal dominant- chromosone 4 Treatment – symptomatic, tetrabenazine
51
Phenytoin and levodopa
Can cause drug induced dyskinesias
52
Med treatment for Duchenne Muscular Dystrophy
Corticosteroids, beta-2 agonists, braces X-linked male recessive--- gower childhood waste away muscles, SM, heart....
53
Intrathecal Baclofen for.....
Muscle relaxant for cerebral palsy (non-progressive) could be hyper or hypotonia
54
Huntington's Disease
GABA reduced in basal ganglia Reduction in Choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) Treat: **Tetrabenazine** (Depletes dopamine) Dopamine Receptor Blockers: **Haloperidol** Genetic counseling, speech therapy, PT/OT
55
Riluzole
sodium channel blocker (damaged neurons) Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) loss of motor neurons, late 40-60 onset
56
Edaravone
antioxidant Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS)
57
Alzheimer Disease treatments:
CNS ACh esterase Inhibitors (Tacrine), NMDAr Antagonist (Memantine)
58
Tacrine
CNS ACh esterase Inhibitors Alzheimer Disease
59
Memantine
NMDAr Antagonist Alzheimer Disease
60
Treatment for Restless Leg Syndrome What kind of opiate:
Dopamine agonists Gabapentin Benzodiazepines Opiates (clonazepam)
61
Cyclophosphamide CCNS
Alkylating Agent for CA **cancer and immunosuppressive -Graft vs host, rheumatoid, etc Chlorambucil – least toxic
62
Chlorambucil CCNS
Alkylating Agent for CA Less toxic than cyclophosphamide
63
Nitrosureas CCNS
Alkylating Agent that can cross BBB So like meningeal tumors
64
Cisplatin CCNS
Uses Testicular cancer (85% - 95 % curative ) Ovarian cancer Other solid tumors: lung, esophagus, gastric
65
Methotrexate CCS What are the 3 effects of this drug?
Inhibits dihydrofolate reductase (DHFR) – Interferes with DNA/RNA synthesis FOLATE ANALOG Cytotoxic: Mostly bone marrow GI intestinal ulcers Tetrogenic-fetal malform Immunosuppressive: prevent B/T cells Anti-inflammatory: release inflame cytokines
66
Trastuzumab, Rituximab "mab" CCNS What cancers do they both treat?
monoclonal antibiodies for CA!! Trastuzumab: Breast CA (HER2) Rituximab: Non-Hodgkins
67
Imatinib "tinib" CCNS
Inhibitor of growth factors (for CA)
68
Tamoxifen CCNS
Hormonal Agent for CA: anti-estrogen
69
Fulvestrant CCNS
Hormonal Agent for CA: Selective estrogen receptor down regulator (SERD)
70
Dactinomycin, Doxorubicin, Bleomycin CCNS
Anti-cancer antibiotics block DNA/RNA synthesis
71
Vincristine CCS
Plant based for CA: dissolution (disolve) of mitotic spindle= cell death block tubulin polymerization
72
Paclitaxel (Taxol) CCS
Plant based for CA: Stabilize miotic spindle Cant depolymerize= cell death for CA
73
6-MP CCS
Anti-metabolites-- CA 6-MP: Purine antag, interfere with nucleic acid synthesis **Post- transplant**, IBD, autoimmune
74
5-FU CCS types of CA? (5)
Anti-metobolites--CA 5-FU interferes with DNA synthesis/repair Use: stomach, colon, breast, ovarian, liver CA
75
Prednisone, hydrocortisone, Dexamethasone
Immunosuppressive Agent Glucocorticoids (corticosteroids) Suppress immune response, mimic naturally occurring adrenal corticosteroids
76
Cyclosporine, Tacrolimus
Immunosuppressive Agent Calcineurin Inhibitors - necessary for T-cell receptor signaling, activation T-cell activation pathway **Inhibit T-cells**
77
Azothioprine, Cyclophosphamide, Hydroxychloroquine
Cytotoxic Agents Kill rapidly proliferating cells (many are antineoplastics)
78
Muromonab (CD3), RhoGAM, Adalimumab (TNF-a)
Immunosuppressive Antibodies Antibodies created in lab, directed against cell-surface antigens/receptors
79
Sirolimus, Mycophenylate Mofetil, Thalidomide Derivatives
Immunosuppressive Agents
80
Thalidomide
Morning sickness but teratogen in 1950s Current use: Multiple Myeloma
81
Echinacea
Stimulation of immune system, Anti-inflammatory
82
Garlic
HMG CoA Reductase inh
83
Ginkgo
Improved blood flow, free radical scavenger
84
St. John’s Wort
antidepressant
85
Ginseng
Multiple claims (memory, immune, analgesia, etc.)
86
Milk Thistle
Reduction in hepatotoxicity
87
Saw Palmetto
Benign prostatic hyperplasia
88
Kava kava
anxiety, muscle relaxant, sedative
89
Kombucha tea – yeast and bacteria
blood pressure, cancer, GI health
90
Aloe
laxative, burn ointment
91
Black cohosh
menstrual discomfort

Pharm Test 5 MEDS (1 decks)

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