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Pharmacology Quiz 2 > Meds > Flashcards

Meds Flashcards

1
Q

Thiazide Diuretics (3)

A

Chlorothiazide
Chlorthalidone
Hydrochlorothiazde

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2
Q

Thiazide MOA

A

Inhibit sodium and chloride reabsorption in the THICK LOOP OF HENLE and EARLY DISTAL TUBULE
–> this increases urine volume causing a decrease in plasma volume

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3
Q

Thiazide- how does it affect the heart?

A

Decreases cardiac output and lowers stroke volume and lowers BP

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4
Q

Adverse effects of Thiazides (5)

A 
Hypokalemia
hypomagnesemia
Hyperglycemia
Hyperuricemia
Hyperlipidemia
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5
Q

Ace Inhibitors

A 
captopril
enalapril
Lisinopril
Benazepril
Fosinopril
Ramipril
Quinapril
Moexepril
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6
Q

MOA of ACE

A

block the enzyme that converts ANgiotensin I to angiotensin II.

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7
Q

What is angiotensin II?

A

principal pressor in the RAAS responsible for vasoconstriction, synthesis, and release of aldosterone cardiac stimulation and renal absorption of sodium

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8
Q

What happens when Angiotensin II is blocked by ACE?

A

Vascular resistance is decreased and the secretion of aldosterone is decreased– decreased water and sodium retention

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9
Q

Adverse effects of ACE?

A 
cough
hypotension
Rash
Angioedema
HYPERKALEMIA
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10
Q

Contraindication fo ACE?

A

PTs with renal artery stenosis d/t risk of renal failure

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11
Q

ACE inhibitors Clinical use?

A 
First-line drug for HTN
reduce proteinuria 
slow progression of neuropathy
good for HTN CHF or HTN and DM
Post MI
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12
Q

ARBS

A 
Candesartan
Eprosartan
Irbesartan
Losartan
Olmesartan
Telmisartan
Varsartan
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13
Q

MOA of ARBS

A

INHIBITS/BLOCKS angiotensin II RECEPTOR!

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14
Q

MOA difference between ARBS And ACE?

A

ARB- block receptor

Ace- blocks enzyme

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15
Q

Adverse effcts of ARBs

A 
Hyperkalemia
Fatigue
Headache
Dizziness
Insomnia
SINUS CONGESTION
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16
Q

ARBs are contraindicated for which patients?

A

PT with renal artery stenosis

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17
Q

Why do some patients need ARB over ACE?

A

PT cannot tolerate ACE cough s/e

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18
Q

Indication of ARBS

A

HTN and CHF but not approved for post MI

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19
Q

Calcium Channel ANTAGONISTS

A 
Amlodipine
Felodipine
Isradipine
Nicardipine
NIfedipine
Verapamil
Bepridil
20
Q

MOA of Calcium Channel ANTAGONISTS

A

Block L type calcium channels and decrease calcium entry into vascular and cardiac cells this results in reduced CONTRACTILITY in CARDIAC AND VASCULAR MUSCLE

21
Q

Calcium Channel ANTAGONISTS decrease…

A

Arteriolar dilation and decreased BP

22
Q

Why are CCB contraindicated with HF PT?

A

bc they also inhibit calcium in cardciac tissue and SLOW conduction of AV node this can decrease contractility and make HF worse

23
Q

clinical use of CCB?

A

PT with Angina and HTN

24
Q

Why should Nifedipine not be used for HTN Txt?

A

BC short-acting Nifedipine can cause increased risk of MI bc of reflex tachycardia

25
Q

What are the three classes of Calcium channel ANTAGONISTS?

A
  1. Diphenyalkylamines
  2. Benzothiazepines
  3. Dihydriopyridine
26
Q

Verapamil belongs to which class of CCB?

A

Diphenyalkylamines –> vascular and cardiac activity

Txt- HTN Angina and SVT

27
Q

Diltiazem belongs to which class of CCB?

A

Benzothiazepines–>vascular and cardiac activity

Txt- HTN Angina and SVT

28
Q

Nifedipine belongs to which class of CCB?

A

Dihydropyridine

29
Q

Nifidipine

A

greater affinity for calcium channels in the VASCULAR system than in the heart and they provide vasodilation BUT ARE NOT effective in decreasing AV node conduction
TXT ANGINA AND HTN

30
Q

SE of Diphenyalkylamine

A

Constipation
Bradycardia
Heart block
Worsen CHF

31
Q

SE of Benzothiazepines?

A

Bradycardia

Worsen CHF

32
Q

SE of Dihydropyridine ?

A

Headache
Flushing
Peripheral edema
Increased angina MI

33
Q

Beta Blockers

A 
Acebutolol
Atenolol
Betaxolol
Metoprolol 
Nadolol
Penbutolol
Prpanolol
Carvedilol
Labetolol
34
Q

MOA of BB

A

NEGATIVE CHRONOTROPE
decrease contractility and CO
block receptors on kidneys and reduce the release of renin

35
Q

SE of BB

A 
bronchoconstriction
peripheral vasoconstriction
brady
exacerbation of HF
fatigue
depression
sleep disturbance
36
Q

Contraindication for BB

A

PVD
Asthma
COPD

37
Q

BB careful with diabetics because…

A

BB decrease the normal sympathetic response to hypoglycemia

38
Q

Alpha 1 Receptor Blockers

A

Doxazosin
Terazosin
Prazosin

39
Q

MOA of alpha 1

A

reduce arterial pressure by blocking the peripheral post synaptic alpha 1 receptors and decrease total peripheral resistance

40
Q

SE of Alpha 1 Recpetor Blcokers

A

FIRST DOSE SYNCOPE
Dizziness drowsiness headaches

CNS - think head

41
Q

Which drug can be used for BPH?

A

TERAZOSIN

42
Q

Alpha 2 AGONISTS

A

Clonidine
guanabenz
methyldopa
guanfacine

43
Q

MOA of Alpha 2 AGONISTS

A

STIMULATE alpha 2 receptors in the brainstem decreasing sympathetic outflow to the heart kidneys and peripheral vasculature

NO NOREEPINEPHRINE

44
Q

SE of alpha 2 AGONISTS

A 
Think CNS 
sedation 
dry mouth
drowsiness
constipation and abd pain 
decreased lipido and impotence 
RASH WITH PATCH
45
Q

Can you abruptly stop alpha 2 agonists?

A

NO rebound HTN can occur must be tapered

46
Q

Which medication can be used for PT that is pregnant and has HTN?

A

Methyldopa

Pharmacology Quiz 2 (1 decks)

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