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Medical Managemnet > Meds and Drugs > Flashcards

Meds and Drugs Flashcards

(72 cards)

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1
Q

If a patient is taking a antibiotic, determine the –

A

type of infection

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2
Q

Using broad-spectrum antibiotics like tetracycline for an extended period of time can lead to –

A

excessive bleeding in invasive dental procedures

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3
Q

Antibiotics block the formation of – by inhibiting intestinal bacteria

A

vit K

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4
Q

If an antibiotic is needed as a premed, select one the is different to avoid —

A

problem of resistant oral organisms.

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5
Q

Warfarin, Coumarin and Coumadin are –

A

anticoagulants

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6
Q

Anticoagulants are used in cases of –

A

heart disease

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7
Q

Anticoagulants affect – and – which can result in —

A

clotting mechanisms and PT

Prolonged bleeding

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8
Q

Consult with doc of patient on anticoagulant to determine –

A

if dosage needs to be reduced

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9
Q

What is heparin?

A

anticoagulant

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10
Q

What drug is used to treat thromboembolism in hospital settings?

A

heparin

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11
Q

If a patient is on heparin and dialysis the patient should be seen when?

A

the next day so that heparin is gone and dialysis has cleaned the blood.

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12
Q

Delteparin, Fragmin, Enoxaparin, Lovenox are examples of –

A

low-molecular weight heparins

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13
Q

Does dental treatment have to be stopped when a patient is on a low-molecular weight heparin?

A

no

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14
Q

What is low-MW heparins used for?

A

prevent thrombosis in hospital patients and those with joint replacements and cancer

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15
Q

What is Fondaparinux?

A

synthetic inhibitor of Factor Xa

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16
Q

Does Fondaparinux require monitoring?

A

no

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17
Q

Which heparin requires monitoring?

A

Heparin, not low ME

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18
Q

Can dental treatment continue in patients using synthetic inhibitors of factor Xa?

A

yes

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19
Q

What are Rovaroxaban, Apizaban, and Edoxaban?

A

direct factor Xa inhibitors

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20
Q

What are direct factor Xa inhibitors used for?

A

to prevent thromboembolism in patients with replacements, atrial fibrillation

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21
Q

Do direct Xa factor inhibitors require monitoring?

A

no

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22
Q

How is warfarin monitored?

A

INR

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23
Q

What is the antidote for warfarin?

A

Vit K

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24
Q

How is Heparin monitored?

A

PPT

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25
What is the antidote for heparin?
protamine sulfate
26
What is the antidote for low-MW heparin?
protamine sulfate is a partial antidonte
27
Can dental treatment continue in patients on direct factor Xa inhibators?
yes
28
What are Dabigatran and Argatroban?
Direct thrombin inhibitors
29
What are direct thrombin inhibitors used for?
to prevent thromboembolism in patients with joint replacements or atrial fibrillation.
30
Do direct thrombin inhibitors require montior?
no
31
Can dental treatment continue in patients taking direct thrombin inhibitors?
yes
32
What are antiplatelet drugs used to treat and prevent?
arterial thrombi resulting in heart attack.
33
What are the most common antiplatelet drugs?
aspirin, Clopidogrel
34
For patient taking aspirin or clopidogrel a medical consult is needed for --
extensive surgical procedures where the patient might have to stop taking drug for 3-5 days prior
35
What are antihistamines used for?
treat allergy, determine what allergen is.
36
Actifed, benadryl, ChlorTrimeton, Coricidin, and Pheneran are ---
antihistamines
37
Antihistamines can lead to --
xerostomia
38
Dyazide, Diuril, Lasix, Lopressor are examples of --
antihypertensives
39
In patients taking antihypertensive meds avoid ---
vasoconstrictors like epinephrine
40
what may develop in patients taking antihypertensive meds?
oral lesions
41
What is a common side effect of antihypersensives?
xerostomia
42
What other side effects are associated with antihypertensive meds?
depression, fatigue, fainting
43
-- is a side effect that requires changing the patients chair position slowly and offering physical support when they rise from the chair
orthostatic hypotension
44
If aspirin is used chronically it may cause --
hemorrhage
45
Aspirin may have bad -- with other drugs
interactions
46
Avoid giving aspirin to patients with --
peptic ulcers
47
Aristocort, Acthar, ACTH, Cortone, Dexadron are examples of --
steroids or cortisone
48
If a patient is using steroids to treat chronic inflammation determine --
the type of condition
49
Steroids inhibit -- and may increase risk for --
healing process | infection
50
A Premed might be needed for patients on steroids... you must --
consult with doc
51
Avoid -- in patients on steroids'.
trauma
52
What are quinidine and digoxin for?
digitalis or meds for the heart
53
What are early symptoms of drug toxicity in meds of the heart or digitalis?
headache, visual disturbances, nausea, vomiting, confusion.
54
What drugs might increase a gag response and induce vomiting?
quinidine and digoxin
55
What are Tegretol, Luminal, Depakene, Dilantin and Klonopin used for?
Meds to control seizures
56
The use of -- may result in gingival hyperplasia if plaque control is bad.
dilantin
57
What are potential side effects of seizure meds?
xerostomia, increased risk of microbial infection, delayed healing and gingival bleeding
58
What does insulin, glipozide, glyburide, metformin treat?
hypoglycemic drugs for diabetes
59
When would a premed be needed for a diabetic?
in poorly controlled type 1
60
What makes control of diabetes difficult and requires increased dosages ?
acute infection
61
What does the use of nitroglycerin indicated?
angina
62
What nitroglycerin protocol is suggested prior to local injection?
take 1 tablet
63
Nitroglyn, nitro-bid, nitrostat, Isirdil are ---
nitroglycerin
64
If a patient is taking a tranquilizer or sedative ---
find out why
65
Valium, librium, equanil, valmid are examples of
tranqs or sedatives for pain control
66
In patients who are taking sedatives, rx ---
no additional sedative
67
When should sedatives be used with caution to avoid respiratory depression?
chronic obstructive lung disease (COPD)
68
Sedatives should be avoid in --
pregnant women
69
LSD, coke and meth are --
hallucinogens
70
Coke and meth react with vasoconstrictors in local injections to produce -- or --
cardiac arrhythmias or increased BP
71
Instruct patient to avoid use of coke and meth for -- prior to dental treatment and until convalescent period is over.
1 week
72
Patients who use hallucinogens' may be -- and have --
Hep carrier | chronic liver disease or HIV

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