Meds for Clinical

Question 1

mannitol

Answer 1

osmotic diuretic

Theraputics: prophalaxis of renal failure,
intracranial pressure

needs filter

Question 2

amiodarone

Answer 2

antiarrhythmic agent

needs filter

Question 3

atropine

Answer 3

involuntary nervous system blocker

used for bradycardia

can make eyes look fixed and dilated

Question 4

cardizem

Answer 4

calcium channel blocker and antihypertensive

can treat high blood pressure and chest pain

Question 5

prochlorperazine

Answer 5

antipsychotic

can treat nausea and vomiting, anxiety and schizophrenia

Question 6

meclizine

Answer 6

antihistamine

Question 7

midazolam

Answer 7

versed- sedative

Question 8

propofol

Answer 8

anesthetic

Question 9

lorazepam

Answer 9

sedative - used to treat seizures

Question 10

vasopressin

Answer 10

hormone- can be used to treat diabetes incipidus can also be used in stomach surgery and used to treat blood pressure in patients that are in vasodilatory shock

Question 11

adenosine

Answer 11

antiarrhythmic agent to treat SVT

Question 12

epinephrine

Answer 12

blood pressure support and vasocontrictor

can treat asthma, allergic reactions as well

Question 13

lidocaine

Answer 13

antiarrythmic agent, aesthetic

can treat irregular heartbeats as well as numb the skin

Question 14

procainamide

Answer 14

antiarrythmic medication

Question 15

sotalol

Answer 15

beta blocker

Question 16

succinylcholine

Answer 16

paralytic

Question 17

etomidate

Answer 17

general anesthetic

Question 18

duloxetine

Answer 18

nerve pain and antidepressant

Question 19

streptomycin

Answer 19

tb med, gram negative bacterial, antibiotic

Question 20

clonazepam

Answer 20

anti anxiety

Question 21

acetylcystine

Answer 21

antidote for tylenol overdose

Question 22

romazicon

Answer 22

reverses benzos

Question 23

venlafaxine

Answer 23

effexor- antidepressant

Question 24

rivaroxaban

Answer 24

xarelto- blood thinner

Question 25

nicardipine

Answer 25

calcium channel blocker antihypertensive

Question 26

colchicine

Answer 26

treats gout

Question 27

amitriptyline

Answer 27

nerve pain and antidepressant

Question 28

fluoxetine

Answer 28

prozac, SSRI

Question 29

diclofenac

Answer 29

NSAID

Question 30

glipizide

Answer 30

anti-diabetic medication

Question 31

Dabagatrain (Pradaxa)

Answer 31

Anticoagulant

Question 32

Apixaban (Eliquis)

Answer 32

Anticoagulant

Question 33

Heparin

Answer 33

Anticoagulant

Question 34

Warfarin (Coumadin)

Answer 34

Anticoagulant

Question 35

Aspirin

Answer 35

Antiplatelet

Question 36

Clopidogrel (Plavix)

Answer 36

Antiplatelet

Question 37

Benazepril (Lotensin)

Answer 37

Ace inhibitor MOA- decreases levels of angiotension 2 thus dilating the vasculature

Question 38

Catopril (Capoten)

Answer 38

Ace inhibitor MOA- decreases levels of angiotension 2 thus dilating the vasculature

Question 39

Enalopril (Vasotec)

Answer 39

Ace inhibitor MOA- decreases levels of angiotension 2 thus dilating the vasculature

Question 40

Losartan (Cozzar)

Answer 40

ARB Angiotension 2 receptor blocker no accumulation of bradykinin

Question 41

Valsartan (Diovan)

Answer 41

ARB Angiotension 2 receptor blocker no accumulation of bradykinin

Question 42

prednisone

Answer 42

steroid MOA- inhibits multiple inflammatory cytokines, produces multiple glucocorticoid and mineral corticoid effects Primary therapeutic uses: Asthma, MS, Adrenal insufficiency Side Effects: Fluid Retention, mood swings, hypokalemia Contraindications: active infection, diabetes, hypothyroidism

Question 43

Ibuprofen

Answer 43

NSAID MOA: inhibits cyclooxgenase reducing prostaglandin and thromboxane synthesis, reversible Primary Therapeutic uses: fever, arthritis, anti-inflammatory Side Effects: rash, constipation, abdominal pain, Contraindications: GI bleed, CHF, HTN Drug Interactions: Tylenol, Aspirin, Beta Blockers

Question 44

Acetaminophen

Answer 44

MOA: antipyretic effect via direct action on the hypothalamic heat regulation center (Moa unlike other NSAIDS, limited to CNS-.---not for inflammation) Primary Therapeutic uses: Fever Pain Side Effects: Nausea, rash, headache Contraindications: hepatic impairment, renal impairment Malnutrition Drug Interactions: avoid barbiturates, rifampins, ethanol

Question 45

CELECOXIB (Celebrex)

Answer 45

MOA- Cox2 inhibitor Primary therapeutic uses: osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, pain, analgesia, inflammation Adverse drug effects- GI ulcers, CV events, renal impairment, sulfa allergy…increased risk of stroke and heart attack Contraindications: pregnant, 3rd trimester, GI bleeding, HTN Drug Interactions: Beta Blockers, ethanol, amiodarone

Question 46

Ethacrynic Acid Bumetamide Torsemide, Furosemide,

Answer 46

Loop Diuretic, MOA To prevent the active reabsorption of NaCl by 20% at the ascending loop of henle

Question 47

spironolactone

Answer 47

aldosterone antagonists, MOA Aldosterone Antagonists work by blocking the effects of aldosterone, (selective blockade of aldosterone receptors) the net effect is less sodium potassium pump production, they retain k and excrete Na

Question 48

eplerenone

Answer 48

aldosterone antagonists, MOA Aldosterone Antagonists work by blocking the effects of aldosterone, (selective blockade of aldosterone receptors) the net effect is less sodium potassium pump production, they retain k and excrete Na

Question 49

triamterene

Answer 49

non-aldosterone antagonist MOA- block sodium potassium pumps USES- electrolyte benefits

Question 50

amiloride

Answer 50

non-aldosterone antagonist MOA- block sodium potassium pumps USES- electrolyte benefits

Question 51

HCTZ

Answer 51

Thiazide diuretic- MOA works at the distal convoluted tubule, blocks 10% of sodium and water from being reabsorbed.

Question 52

Diuretic therapy: | MOA-

Answer 52

General diuretics prevent active NaCl reabsorption and by doing this, it will limit the passive reabsorption of water through the concentration gradient.

Question 53

Loop diuretics (how do they work?)

Answer 53

work by preventing the reabsorption of 20% of solute.

Question 54

Telmisartan

Answer 54

ARB Angiotension 2 receptor blocker no accumulation of bradykinin

Question 55

Losartan

Answer 55

ARB Angiotension 2 receptor blocker no accumulation of bradykinin

Question 56

metolazone

Answer 56

thiazide diuretic MOA works at the distal convoluted tubule, blocks 10% of sodium and water from being reabsorbed.

Question 57

Albuterol

Answer 57

Beta 2 agonist

Question 58

Bethanechol

Answer 58

Cholinergic agonists MOA: Reversibly binds to muscarinic receptors Makes muscarinic man: <3 decreased, sweaty, snotty, drool,reflux, wheeze, congestion, poopy, peeing, pupils dilated, boner, Their competition is acetylcholine Use in chronic constipation Urinary retention Xerostomia Glaucoma Atropine is antidote

Question 59

Rapid Acting NOVALOG- (Aspart)

Answer 59

Shorter acting insulin- take right before you eat! Administration- bolus insulin,( fast acting, in and out quickly) Purpose Prandial or bolus insulin always used in combo with basal to match carbohydrate intake Continuous infusion for basal and bolus for prandial in PUMPS. Also used for sliding scale

Question 60

Regular Insulin

Answer 60

SLOWER ACTING- clear Regular-clear insulin- short duration, can be given iv, available in U-100 or U500 Route- sc, or IV, inhaled (EXUBERA) no longer available Purpose- prandial insulin Timing of injections: works 30-40 min before you eat

Question 61

NPH (HUMULIN)-

Answer 61

INTERMEDIATE ACTING- cloudy protamine suspension (mixed with regular) . Protamine retards absorbtion of RHI-> delays onset of action- makes insulin last longer Onset 1-2 hrs *********Peak- 8-10 hrs- give 2x a day Purpose: basal insulin with some prandial properties at peak. Typically dosed BID. Appearance- cloudy Mixing- Dose at breakfast and at bedtime, clear before cloudy, roll it in your hands to agitate it.

Question 62

Insulin Detmir (LEVIMIR)

Answer 62

INTERMEDIATE ACTING dose dependant pharmacodynamics- tweener- between NPH and Lantus. Once or 2 x a day. Basal insulin- Cant mix with other insulins. Peak 18 hrs Purpose basal insulin

Question 63

Insulin Glargine

Answer 63

LONG DURATION insulin long acting, no peak, dosed at bedtime, 24 hr coverage, clear like reg insulin Purpose basal insulin (Peakless) Inject only SC DO NOT mix with other insulins

Question 64

What are Sulfonylureas and how do they work

Answer 64

Antidiabetic 1st oral agents A1c reduction-large 1-2%- cost effective MOA-stimulates beta islet cells to release insulin Therapeutic use- type 2 diabetics only- bc type 1 diabetics don’t have islet cells

Question 65

Glypizide glyburide glimepiride

Answer 65

2nd generation sulfonylureas ADE-hypoglycemia. Caution is severe sulfa allergy Do not take if you have a sulfa allergy Anything that works through insulin pathway can cause hypoglycemia Pregnancy-avoid- teratogenic in animals- Avoid if breastfeeding as well

Question 66

Nateglinide (STARLIX) Repaglinide (Prandin)

Answer 66

MOA-stimulates beta islet cells to release insulin Dosing: prior to each meal Adverse effects: hypoglycemia, wt gain

Question 67

Metformin (Glucophage) MOA

Answer 67

is a BIguanides- approved in 1994 MOA Decreases production of glucose in the liver and enhances utilization by the muscle DOES NOT CAUSE HYPOGLYCEMIA A1C reduction- 1-2% Place in therapy- now considered drug of choice for initial use. Also has a role in pre-diabetes ***Diabetes Prevention Program: all pre-diabetics received either intensive lifestyle changes or metformin therapy or placebo

Question 68

PIOGLITAZONE (ACTOS), ROSIGLITAZONE (AVANDIA)

Answer 68

–activating the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-gamma) PPAR-gamma improves insulin resistance So Glitazones decrease insulin resistance ADE Fluid retention Raises plasma lipid levels Liver toxicity

Question 69

ACARBOSE (PRECOSE) miglitol (Glyset)

Answer 69

Alpha Glucosidase Inhibitors- MOA complex carbs have to be reduced to monosaccharides ay alpha-glucosidase (enzyme located in the brush border of sm. Intestine). These drugs inhibit this enzyme. A1C reduction ½ % PK: minimally absorbed- stays in GI tract- if not absorbed, it goes to bowel and bacteria breaks it down ADE: substancial GI flatulence, cramps, abd distention, borborygmi, diarrhea, rare liver toxicity. Hypoglycemia- you need glu tablets, sandwich wont work fast and will delay the absorbtion GI tract issues minimized after time

Question 70

EXENATIDE (BYETTA) AND SITAGLIPTAN (Januvia)

Answer 70

Incretin mimetic agents- GLP-1is a peptide hormone that’s released from the cells of the GI tract in response to carb containing meal. GLP-1 slows gastric emptying, stimulates beta islet cells to release insulin, inhibits glucogon release, and increases satiety. Exenatide is a synthetic GLP-1 and sitgliptan blocks the enzyme responsible for breaking down endogenous GLP-1 A1C reduction 0.8% Adverse effects GI (nausea, vomiting) especially with exenatide- weight neutral

Question 71

(topical) Epinephrine: Prototype for sympathomimetics

Answer 71

Adrenergic Agonist Agent Receptors: alpha 1-2 and beta 1-2 Uses: delays absorption of local anesthetics through alpha 1, control superficial bleeding, elevates BP, decreases nasal congestion, dilates eyes, AV Block, Cardiac Arrest, Anaphalactic shock. Kinetics: IV , Topical ``` ADE- HTN Necrosis Tachycardia Dysrhythmias angina MI increase in Blood sugar ```

Question 72

Isoproterenol

Answer 72

Adrenergic Agonist Agent 1st selective beta agonist Receptors: Stimulates Beta 1-2 ( <3 , lung, uterus) Uses: CHF, AV Block, COPD, Asthma, Preterm Labor

Question 73

Dopamine

Answer 73

Adrenergic Agonist Agent Catacholamine, Concentration Dependent on receptors ``` Receptors: Alpha 1 (high dose) Beta 1 (Moderate Dose) Dopamine (Low Dose) ``` Uses: dilates kidney vasculature at low dose Code for MI

Question 74

Dobutamine

Answer 74

Adrenergic Agonist Agent Receptors: Beta 1 Only Uses: Coding, heart failure, bradycardia ADE: HTN, Tachycardia, arrhythmia, MI, Angina

Question 75

Terbutaline

Answer 75

Adrenergic Agonist Agent Noncatacholamine Receptors: Beta 2 Selective only Uses: Asthma- Pre mature labor ADE: Tremors, Increased Blood Glucose

Question 76

``` Isoproterenol Epinepherine Dopamine Dobutamine Ephedrine Terbutaline ```

Answer 76

Adrenergic Agonist Agents

Question 77

Bethanechol Pilocarpine Acetylcholine Muscarine

Answer 77

Cholinergic Agonists

Question 78

Physostigmine Neostigmine Edophonium

Answer 78

Acetylcholinesterase Inhibitor MOA: Increases contraction of skeletal muscle by stimulation of Nic M Receptors Primary Use: Myasthenia gravis ADR: Muscarinic Man If Toxic Give Atropine Reverses anticholinergic toxicity

Question 79

Ethacrynic Acid

Answer 79

Non sulfa loop diuretic

Question 80

CLONIDINE -

Answer 80

Central Acting Alpha 2 Agonists works by stimulation of alpha 2 in CNS, whoas NE Stimulation w/o depleting Receptor Remember rebound HTN

Question 81

Terbutaline Isoproterenol Epinepherine

Answer 81

Beta 2 stimulation , causes bronchodilation, Relaxation of Smooth Muscle (preterm labor), skeletal muscle contraction, increase blood glucose,

Question 82

Pramipexole and Robinirole

Answer 82

dopamine agonists.

Question 83

levodopa carbidopa

Answer 83

parkinsons medication carbidopa has no therapeutic effects alone. This means that you can give somebody a boat load of carbidopa and it will not do anything. It inhibits dopa-decarboxylase in the periphery which allows more of the inactive form of levodopa to cross through the blood brain barrier where it is then metabolized into dopa, thus increasing the dopamine levels in the brain.

Question 84

Benztropine

Answer 84

central acting anticholinergic drug. Relieves symptoms of Parkinson's disease by blocking muscarinic receptors in the brain, thus restoring balance. (brings normal level of Acetylcholine down to match depleted level of dopamine)

Question 85

Acetylcholinesterase

Answer 85

It metabolizes Acetylcholine

Question 86

Tacrine Donepezil Rivastigmine Galantamine

Answer 86

Cholinesterase inhibitor DO NOT GIVE WITH: Anticholinergic drugs, Antidepressants, Tylenol PM Therapeutic uses: Alzheimers

Question 87

Memantine

Answer 87

Alzheimers Medication Modulates Glutamate or Glutamic Acid which is the major excitatory neurotransmitter in the brain

Question 88

Vancomycin

Answer 88

Antibiotic

Question 89

Neurontin

Answer 89

GABA agonist

Question 90

Levetiracetam

Answer 90

Keppra Anticonvulsant

Question 91

Feosol

Answer 91

Iron

Question 92

Sertraline

Answer 92

Zoloft Antidepressant

Question 93

Allopurinol

Answer 93

Gout med

Question 94

Dexmedetomidine

Answer 94

Precidex Alpha 2 agonist Sedative

Question 95

Buspirone

Answer 95

Anxiety med

Question 96

Bupropion

Answer 96

Antidepressant

Question 97

Citalopram

Answer 97

SSRI

Question 98

Diflucan

Answer 98

Yeast medicine

Question 99

Fioricet

Answer 99

Headache medicine

Question 100

Guaifenesin

Answer 100

Expectorant