Meds That Affect the Blood Flashcards
(18 cards)
G heparin
Anticoagulant; prevention of thrombus formation (DVT, PEm); [antidote—protamine sulfate]
Interferes w/factor Xa and thrombin clotting factors needed for fibrin formation; monitor aPTT (therapeutic range:1.5-2 X normal; 60-80 secs)
SE: bleeding, bruising
G dalteparin
B Fragmin
Anticoagulant; prevention of thrombus formation (DVT, PEm)
Increases inhibitory effect of antibhrombin on factor Xa clotting factor and thrombin;
monitor platelet levels
SE: bleeding, anemia
G warfarin
B Coumadin
Anticoagulant; prevention of thrombus formation [antidote—vitamin K]
Interferes w/Vit K synthesis needed for 4 clotting factors including prothrombin; monitor PT (therapeutic: 18-24 secs), INR (2-3); often used long term
SE: bleeding, hematoma
G aspirin (ASA)
Platelet aggregate inhibitor; prevention of arterial thrombosis; also NSAID, antipyretic
Used for TIA, MI prophylaxis in low dose;
SE: GI upset, GI bldg; toxic levels cause tinnitus, metabolic acidosis
G clopidogrel
B Plavix
Platelet aggregate inhibitor; for prevention of arterial thrombosis, TIAs
Esp for thromboembolism prevention after MI & assoc w/prosthetic devices as heart valves & hip replacement;
SE: bleeding (including GI)
G cilostazol
B Pletal
Platelet aggregate inhibitor; also a vasodilator; promotes bld flow; for tx of PVD (arterial), intermittent claudication
Best taken w/o food on empty stomach
SE: H/A; palpitations
G alteplase
B tPA
Thrombolytic agent; initial tx of MI, PEm, acute ischemic stroke
SE: local and internal bleeding
G streptokinase
B Streptokase
Thrombolytic agent, tx of MI, DVT, PEm, arterial emboli or thrombosis
SE: local and internal bleeding
G cholestyramine
B Questran
Antilipidemic; bile acid sequestrant; acts to decrease cholesterol
Mix powder in water or juice
SE: N&V, GI cramping, constipation
G gemfibrozil
B Lopid
Antilipidemic; acts mainly to decrease triglycerides; some decrease in cholesterol
(LDLs- low density lipoproteins)
Ck periodic liver enzymes
SE: GI disturb, gall stones; hepatatoxicity; myopathy/ rhabdomyolysis (rare)
G atorvastin
B Lipitor
Antilipidemic, “statin”; acts to decrease chole-sterol (decrease LDLs, increase HDLs) & decrease triglycerides; usually given long term
Ck periodic liver enzymes; best taken in the evening
SE: H/A, GI upset; hepatatoxicity; myopathy/rhabdomyolysis; poss cataracts
G nicotinic acid [niacin]
Antilipidemic: acts to triglycerides (VLDLs), cholesterol ( LDLs w/some HDLs; very large doses (100 x RDA)
SE: skin flushing, burning sensation to arms, neck (taking ASA 325 mg 30 min before dosing helps prevent this); GI irritation; hepatotoxicity
G ferrous sulfate
B Feosol
Antianemic; mineral in hemoglobin, myogloblin, many enzymes
No antacid or milk w/in hr of adm; best if taken w/o food on empty stomach
SE: nausea, constipation, melena, teeth staining (liquid)
G vitamin B 12
B (cyanocobalamin)
Antianemic; necessary for metabolic processes & blood cell production
PO, nasal spray form; subQ or IM form for pernicious anemia;
SE: H/A, diarrhea; allergic reactions
G folic acid
Antianemic; nec for RBC formation, normal fetal dev (neural tube)
SE: rash, sleep disturb
G epoetin alfa
B Epogen
Hematopoietic growth factor; stimulates RBC production
Biologic response modifier
SE: H/A, increased BP; thrombotic events (MI, stroke) if hemoglobin > 12 g/dL
G filgrastim
B Neupogen
Hematopoietic growth factor; stimulates WBC production
Biologic response modifier
SE: bone aches, leukocytosis
G oprelvekin (interleukin 11)
B Neumega
Hematopoietic growth factor; stimulates platelet production
SE: fluid retention; dysrhythmias, A Fib; dyspnea; conjunctival hemorrhage
