medsurg 1 Flashcards
(183 cards)
1
Q
what part of eye is responsible for blood supply and the optic nerve travels through
A
optic disc
2
Q
what are the three layers to the orbit of the eye?
A
sclera; white part
choroid; blood distrubtede
retina; rods and cons
3
Q
collection of blood in anterior chamber of eye
A
hyphema
4
Q
collection of blood around eye … EMERGENCY
A
retrobulbar hematoma
5
Q
cut or scratch on cornea
A
corneal abrasion
6
Q
broken blood vessels in sclera
A
subconjunctival hemorrhage …no pain discharge or vision changes
7
Q
serration of retina from the chorioid vitreous humor seeps behind the retina
A
retinal detachment
8
Q
sudden onset of light flashes, floaters
A
retinal detachment
9
Q
retinal degenerative process involving the macula .. two types dry and wet
A
age related macular degeneration
10
Q
yellow exudate beneath retinal epithelium
A
AMD
11
Q
abnormalities in retinal blood vessels secondary to diabetes mellitus
A
diabetic retinopathy
12
Q
inflammation or infection of auricle and ear canal
A
external otitis.. swimmers ear
13
Q
pain fecer malasie headache decreased hearing
A
acute otitis media
14
Q
purulent drainage hearing loss nausea vertigo pain facial palsy
A
chronic otitits media and mastoididtis
15
Q
sterile fluid effusion in middle ear behind ear drum… fullness in ear, pressure
A
serious otitis media
16
Q
autosomal dominat gene disease in which footplate stapes is fixated to oval window by bony overgrowth
A
otosclerosis
17
Q
a syndrome… vestibular auditory, tinnitus
A
menieres disease
18
Q
normal white blood cell count
A
4,500 - 11,000
19
Q
what does low WBC mean
A
neutropenia
20
Q
what does high WBC mean
A
infection / inflammation
21
Q
what is normal hematocrit
A
35-50%
22
Q
low hematocrit means
A
cardiac failure
23
Q
high hematocrit means
A
spontaneous blood clotting
24
Q
what is a normal hemoglobin
A
12-16
25
low hemoglobin can cause
heart failure
26
a high hemoglobin can cause
clogging of capillaries due to hemoconcentration
27
what is a normal platelet count
150,000-400,000
28
low platelet count means
thrombocytopenia
29
with platelet count watch for
bleeding percautions
30
what is normal aPTT
20-36 seconds
31
should be how many times normal with heparin therapy
1.5-2.5 seconds
32
aPPT is used for ?
heparin
33
PT and INR is used for
warfarin (coumadin)
34
what is normal INR
2-3
35
what is normal sodium
135-145
36
low sodium means
hypnatremia
37
high sodium means
hypernatremia
38
what is normal potassium
3.5-5
39
what is low potassium
hypokalemia
40
high potassium
hyperkalemia
41
hyperkalemia means
renal problems ... MURDER
42
what is the normal BUN
10-20
43
what is normal creatinine
1
44
what is normal glucose
70-110
45
normal hemoblogin A1c
less than 7 percent
46
7 percent or lower
good control
47
7-8 percent
fair
48
greater than 8
poor
49
what is internal radiation called
brachytherapy
50
how long does radiation treatment on average last
15-30 min
51
what is internal radiation used to treat
prostate and cervical cancer
52
the daily division of the total radiation dose is called
a fraction
53
pts should use skin care products but avoid how many hours before treatment?
2
54
WBC nadir at
1-2 weeks
55
platelet nadir at
2-3 weeks
56
RBC badir at
120 days
57
whats a medical emergency with neutropenia
FEVER
58
when do you give antimetic drugs
before treatment
59
how long withhold food before treatment
4-6 hours
60
how should they eat
small frequent meals high protein high calorie
61
stomatitis
painful mouth..
62
skin care
avoid soap plain water pat dry.
63
side effects of chemo
```
Bone marrow depression
Alopecia
Retching N&V
Fear and anxiety
Stomatitis(mouthpainful)
```
64
diagnosis classifcation
Tumor 1-4
N lymph node involment 1-4
M Metases 0 or 1
65
treatment options for cancer
chemo radation surgery
66
cancer treatment needs a what
multidisciplinary team
67
below what ANC count need protective isolation
1,000
68
Teach parents what for cancer
```
eating drinking
non uncooked or spoiled, no salad veggies or fruit fresh
water safe
wash hands often
house clean no crowds
cat keep inside careful with pets
stay away from young animals
```
69
fever in hospital do what
call provider
70
fever over what is bad
100.4 or 38
71
how many times fever
once over 38.5 of three over 38
72
what vaccines are contradicted
live ones !
73
what is deadly with cancer patients
chickenpox
74
make sure parents have what
good tire on immunizations... everyone around needs shots
75
check PICC or CCV or IVAD ports for what
signs of infection...red swelling warm
76
for protective isolation need what
private room
fown mask gloves
wash hands
no plants or flowers
77
bleeding precautions are..
shave with electric razor
no garlic or green leafy begs
brush soft toothbrush
hold pressure at least 5 minutes
78
cancer cells are highly
undiffrentiated
79
etiology of cancer
```
herdity
immunity
chemical
physical
viral
bacterial
lifestyle
carcinogenesis
```
80
how many pairs of chromosomes
23
81
femal is
xx
82
male
xy
83
one of two or more alternative forms of gene that can occupy a particle chromosomal locus
allele
84
position of gene on chromsome
locus
85
condition present at birth
congential
86
transmission of a genetic disease or condition from parent to offspring
heredity
87
permanat chance in the sequence of dan
mutation
88
gene located on sex chromosome
x linked gene
89
clinically expressed gene... what you see
phenotype
90
the blueprint . internal code
geneotype
91
physical characteristic that one inherits
trait
92
having two different alleles for one given gene... one dominant one recessive
heterozygous
93
having two identical genes that allele from one given gene... two dominant or recessive
homozygous
94
gene that is expressed in phenotype
dominant allele
95
allele that has no noticeable effecy
recessive allele
96
genetics in future
own drug make up
97
teaching for genetics
watch over counter
support
backup plan
98
HIV is most transversable in
primary stage
99
before doing HIV test must have
INFORMED CONSENT
100
CD4 t cells less than what is aids
250
101
cd4 t cells less than what is infection
500
102
with HIV avoid...
cat liter
bad water
birds.chickens
no tattoos unless buy own ink and needles
103
ways to transmit
all fluids except sweat and tears
104
continuum of HIV
```
initial expisure
primary
asymptomatic
early
AIDs
```
105
what races are three times more likely to get SLE
african asian hispanic and native americans
106
SLE is a
multis stem disease
107
key signs of SLE
butterfly rash
vascular lesions
swan neck deformity
108
what do you teach with prednisone or any steroids
tapper off... hurts adrenal function
109
taking nsaids and steroid together what for
ulcers gi bleed
110
teaching with SLE
```
process
names of drugs
pain management
conserve energy
exercise heat
stress avoidance
avoid others with infection
aroid dry soaps
use sunscreen
follow up
prego counseling
resources
```
111
what are the parts of the upper respiratory tract
nose mouth pharynx epiglottis larynx trachea .. crania
112
what are the three parts of the pharynx
naso oro laryngo
113
what are the parts of the lower respiratory tract
bronchi bronchioles alveolar ducts aveoli lung lobes
114
right lunch has how many lobes
3
115
left lung has how many lobes
2
116
which lung is wider shorter straigther
right.. more aspiration
117
how many alveoli in adult lung
300 million
118
what is the total lung volume
2,500 ml
119
what is the lipoprotein that decreases surface tension and keeps the alveoli from collapsing
surfactant
120
what coveres chest cavity
parietal pleura
121
what covers lung
viscreal pleura
122
how much fluid in intrapleural space
20-25
123
inspiration and expiration
ventilation
124
ease of lung expansion
compliance
125
02 and co2 moving back and forth across alveolar capillary membrane
diffusion
126
what is normal ph
7.35-7.45
127
what is normal PaO2
80-100
128
what is normal SaO2
less than 95 percent
129
what is normal PaCO2
35-45
130
what is normal HCO3-
22-26
131
what does H+ conc mean
acidosis.. increase respirations
132
what does decrease H+ mean
alkalosis
133
reflux that prevents you from over distending lungs
Hering-Breuer reflex
134
changes and effects on aging
structual changes. defense mechanisms respiratory control
135
what sound here when percuss over lung fields
reasonat
136
what does resonance sound like
low pitched sound
137
drum like sound loud empy
tympany
138
medium intensity pitch and duration
dull
139
soft high pitched short duration
flat
140
what sound over trachea
bronchial .. hollow tube sound
141
what sound over main bronchi
bronchovesicular... medium pitched
142
sound heard over less bronchi and bronchioles
soft low pitch rusting sound.. vesicular
143
whats a postive egophony
pt says e but you hear a
144
whats a postivie bronchophony
99 and hear it good
145
louder low pitch.. no cont brief
crackles
146
snoring sound
rhonci
147
high pitched musical cont
wheeze
148
squeeling
stridor
149
tb test less than 5mm duration
Hiv infected people.. recent contact
150
tb test less than 10mm
recent immigrants . drug users. high risk areas
151
less than 15mm
people who are at low risk
152
when suction if you touch what makes pt cough
carnia.. angle of louis
153
how do you measure airflow
spirometry
154
what are the defense mechanisms
cough, filter air,mucocillary , alveoli macrophages, reflex constriction
155
surgical reconstruction of the nose.. cosmetic or to improve breathing
rhinoplasty
156
after rhinoplasty when do you remove external splints
3-5 days
157
how do you calculate pack years
pack per day times years smoking
158
what does asbestos cause
mesothelomia
159
where does lung cancer go
segmented bronchi or prefer upper lobes
160
how does lung cancer begin
mutated epithelial cells
161
what are the two types of lung cancer
NSCLC and SCLC
162
where does lung cancer spread to
LBBLA .. liver brain bone lymph nodes and adrenal glands
163
which is deadly
SCLC
164
symptoms of lung cancer
cough, dyspnea, hemopytsis
165
how do you stage SCLC
limted or extensive
166
surgery with lung cancer works for
NSCLC stage one and two
167
surgical opening into thoracic cavity
thoracotomy .. PAINFUL .
168
chemo is primary treatment for
SCLC
169
what are the 5 A's for individuals willing to quit
```
ask
advise
assess
assist
arrange
```
170
what are the 5 R for people unwilling to quit
```
relevance
risks
rewards
roadblock
repetition
```
171
pleural space usually contains how much fluid
20-25
172
lubricant between parietal pleura and visceral pleura .. abnormal fluid
pleural effusion
173
symptoms of pleural effusion
dyspnea
cough
decrease movement on affected side
sharp chest pain
174
aspiration of intrapleural fluid
thoracentesis
175
how much fluid can you take out with thoracentesis ..why?
1000-1200 max.. hypotension hypoxemia pulmonary edema
176
inflammation of the pleura .. pain is sharp with abrupt onset.. laying on effected side helps
pleurisy.. pleuritis
177
collapse of the alveoli
atelectasis
178
with atelectasis teach
cough and deep breath and inceptive spirometry
179
granuloma( defensse mechanism: walls off to prevent spread
gohn focus
180
bacteria widespread within body by bloodstream
military TB
181
symptoms of Tb
```
fatigue
anorexis
low grade fever
night sweats
dysnpea
hemoptysis
```
182
TB drugs take for
9 months
183
Dot therapy needed
essential public heath measure
watch them swallow pills
non adherence
