MedSurg 47 Lower GI Problems

Question 1

Diarrhea is defined as having ____ loose or liquid stools per day.

Answer 1

3

(MedSurg 47 Sherpath)

Question 2

Diarrhea is acute if it lasts ___ or less.

Answer 2

14

Question 3

Diarrhea is persistent if it lasts _____

Answer 3

Longer than 14 days

Question 4

Diarrhea is chronic if it lasts _____ or longer.

Answer 4

30

Question 5

The primary cause of acute diarrhea is?

Answer 5

Ingesting infectious organisms

Question 6

____ cause most cases of infectious diarrhea in the U.S.

Answer 6

Viruses

Question 7

What is the most common GI parasite causing diarrhea in the U.S?

Answer 7

Giardia lamblia

Question 8

What organism causes diarrhea and can be found in undercooked poultry, unpasteurized milk, and most frequent in summer months?

Answer 8

Campylobactar jejuni

Question 9

What organism causes diarrhea and can be found when using prolonged antibiotics followed by feces-contaminated surfaces? Spores are extremely hard to kill.

Answer 9

Clostridioides difficile

Question 10

What organism causes diarrhea and can be found in meats, gravies, stews, dried or precooked foods? Especially impacts older adults.

Answer 10

Clostridium perfringens

Question 11

What organism causes diarrhea and can be found in water or food contaminated with infected feces, can cause serious illness especially in older adults, and may cause life threatening renal failure.

Answer 11

Enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli
(E.coli O157:H7)

Question 12

What organism causes diarrhea and can be found in poultry, reptiles, and other animals like turtles, lizards, snakes, chicks, and young birds? Transmitted by handling animals. Found un undercooked poulry, meats, foods prepared with raw eggs.

Answer 12

Salmonella

Question 13

What organism causes diarrhea and can be found in recreational water?

Answer 13

Shigella

Question 14

What organism causes diarrhea and can be found in 25-50% of people who carry in the mucous membranes, skin, or hair. Transmitted in food contaminated by food workers or contaminated milk and cheese.

Answer 14

Staphylococcua

Question 15

What organism causes diarrhea and can be found in human intestines, stool of infected humans or animals. Outter shell allows it to live for long periods of time outside of body and is resistant to chlorine. Common cause of waterborne disease (swimming pools, lake, drinking water, nd food contaminated with. feces)

Answer 15

Cryptosporidium

Question 16

What organism causes diarrhea and can be found in fecally contaminated food, water, or hands. Most common in tropical areas. High risk groups include travelers, recent immigrants, and men who have sex with men.

Answer 16

Entamoeba histolytica

Question 17

What organism causes diarrhea and can be highly contagious, transmitted via fecal-oral route, and found in fresh lakes and rivers. Can be transmitted in swimming pools, water parks, and hot tubs.

Answer 17

Giardia lamblia

Question 18

What virus causes diarrhea, is very contagious, and present in stool and emesis.

Answer 18

Norovirus
(Norwalk-like virus)

Question 19

What virus causes diarrhea is highly contagious, and is transmitted mainly by fecal-oral route?

Answer 19

Rotavirus

Question 20

_____ diarrhea is a result of bacterial or viral infections. It occurs when ingested pathogens survive in the GI tract long enough to absorb into the enterocytes. The resulting chain reaction changes cell permeability and causes over secretion of water, sodium, and chloride into the bowel.

Answer 20

Secretory

Question 21

Since stomach acid kills ingested pathogens, taking drugs which _______ increases the chance pathogens will survive.

Answer 21

decrease stomach acid
(proton pump inhibitors [PPIs])

Question 22

Jejunostomy and nasointestinal feedings, which bypass the stomach’s acid environment, do not contain the _______ that normal colonic bacteria need for survival, increasing risk of infection.

Answer 22

poorly digestible fiber

Question 23

Diarrhea is not always due to infection. Drugs and food intolerances can cause diarrhea. Such as:

Answer 23

Large amounts of undigested carbohydrates in the bowel, lactose intolerance, and certain laxatives (e.g., lactulose, sodium phosphate, magnesium citrate) produce osmotic diarrhea.

Question 24

Diarrhea from celiac disease and short bowel syndrome (SBS) result from malabsorption in the _________.

Answer 24

small intestine

Question 25

Infections that attack the upper GI tract usually cause:

Answer 25

Large-volume, watery stools
Cramping
Periumbilical pain
Low-grade or no fever
Nausea and vomiting before diarrhea begins

Question 26

Infections of the colon and distal small bowel cause:

Answer 26

fever and frequent bloody diarrhea with a small volume.