MedTerm Ch.6 Flashcards
(169 cards)
1
Q
Arthr/o
Articul/o
A
Joint
2
Q
Burs/o
A
Sac, purse, bursa
3
Q
Carp/o
A
Wrist
4
Q
Chondr/o
A
cartilage
5
Q
Condyl/o
A
Knuckle of joint
6
Q
Cost/o
A
rib
7
Q
Cran/o, crani/o
A
skull, cranium
8
Q
Fasci/o
A
fascia
9
Q
Femor/o
A
thigh, femur
10
Q
Fibr/o
A
fiber
11
Q
Fibul/o
A
fibula
12
Q
Ili/o
A
lank, hip, groin, ilium of the pelvis
13
Q
Ischi/o
A
haunch, hip joint, ischium
14
Q
Menisc/o
A
meniscus
15
Q
Muscul/o, My/o, myos/o
A
muscle
16
Q
Myel/o
A
bone marrow
17
Q
Orth/o
A
straight
18
Q
Oste/o
A
bone
19
Q
Pariet/o
A
wall
20
Q
Patell/o
A
patella
21
Q
Ped/o
A
child
22
Q
Petr/o
A
stone
23
Q
Phalang/o
A
phalanges
24
Q
Phys/o
A
growth
25
Pub/o
pubis
26
Radi/o
radius
27
Sacr/o
scared, sacrum
28
Skelet/o
skeleton
29
Spondyl/o
vertebra
30
Stern/o
chest, sternum
31
Synov/o, synovi/o
synovial
32
Tars/o
tarsal bone
33
Ten/o, tendon/o
stretch, tendon
34
Vertebr/o
vertebra
35
Diseases of the skeletal and muscular systems result from:
* Physical injury
* Infections
* Tumor development
* Endocrine disease
* Inherited disorders
36
Orthopedics
Branch of medicine focusing on these diseases
| •Physician specializing in this field of medicine is called an orthopedist
37
dys-
bad, abnormal, painful, difficult
38
hyper-
excessive, abnormally high, above
39
Kinesi/o
motion
40
Tax/o
reaction to a stimulus, movement
41
Troph/o
development
42
-algia
condition of pain
43
-dynia
condition of pain
44
-ia
condition of
45
-y
process of`
46
Arthralgia
- Condition of joint pain
| - Often the first symptom of joint or bone disease
47
Ataxia
Inability to coordinate muscles during a voluntary activity
| •Sign of a nervous system disorder, often inherited, that results in a loss of muscle coordination
48
Atrophy
- Lacking development, or wasting
- Seen when movement of a limb is prohibited
- reduction in muscle strength due to disuse
49
Bradykinesia
- Condition of slow motion
| - muscle or nervous disorder
50
Decalcification
- Abnormal reduction of calcium in bone
- caused by a hormonal disorder upsetting the calcium balance between the bloodstream and bone
- Tx: Hormonal therapy, increased Vitamin D
51
Dyskinesia
- Condition of bad, abnormal, painful, or difficult motion
| -
52
Dystrophy
- Process of bad, abnormal, painful, or difficult development
- General symptom of progressive muscle weakness that results from a genetic mutation
53
Hypertrophy
- Sign of excessive muscle growth or development
- Abnormality, but often induced by weight-training activities
•Produced by addition of protein to muscle fibers
54
Myalgia
Condition of muscle pain
55
Tenodynia
Tendon pain
56
para-
alongside, abnormal
57
ankyl/o
crooked
58
carcin/o
cancer
59
kyph/o
hump
60
leuk/o
white
61
lith/o
stone
62
lord/o
bent forward
63
por/o
hole
64
sarc/o
flesh, meat
65
scoli/o
curved
66
spondyl/o
vertebra
67
-asthenia
weakness
68
-cele
hernia, swelling, protrusion
69
-genesis
origin, cause
70
-malacia
softening
71
-plasia
formation, growth
72
-plegia
paralysis
73
-ptosis
drooping
74
Achondroplasia
“without cartilage formation
- Involved the abnormal lack of growth of the skeleton (mainly long bones) resulting in a short and disproportional body form
- Disease that causes dwarfism
75
Ankylosis
- Joints are abnormally stiff and movement is difficult
| - abnormal adhesion of two bones, which damages the joint structure between them
76
Arthritis
General disorder resulting in inflammation and degeneration of a joint
Two major forms, each with a different cause
- Osteoarthritis (OA)
- Rheumatoid arthritis (RA)
77
Arthrochondritis
- Inflammation of articular cartilage within synovial joints
| - Results in joint pain during movements
78
Bunion
- Abnormal enlargement of the joint at the base of the big toe
- Caused by an inflammation of a bursa near the big toe
79
Bursitis
Inflammation of a bursa`
80
Bursolith
Calcium deposit or stone within a bursa
| - Diagnosis is confirmed with an x-ray and is often surgically removed
81
Carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS)
Repetitive stress injury of the wrist, characterized by inflammation of the wrist
- Pressure on the median nerve
82
Carpoptosis
- Also known as “wrist drop”, literally means “drooping of the wrist”
- Weakness of the wrist that results in difficulty supporting the hand
83
Cramps
- Prolonged, involuntary muscular contractions (cramps) cause pain wherever they occur
84
Degenerative Joint Disease (DJD)
- A progressive disease of the joints in which the cartilage degenerates
85
Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD)
- A condition that causes skeletal muscle degeneration with progressive muscle weakness and deterioration
- No cure
86
Epicondylitis
- Inflammation of the epicondyles (small bony elevations on the humerus near the elbow joint) usually due to an injury
87
Fibromyalgia
- A disease of unknown origin that produces widespread pain of musculoskeletal structures of the limbs, face, and trunk
88
Gout
Caused by an abnormal accumulation of uric acid crystals in the joints; usually affects the big toe joints
89
Herniated disk
- Rupture of an intervertebral disk
- Causes pressure against spinal nerves or the spinal cord to produce back pain
- Often caused by a sudden movement or an attempt to lift a heavy object
90
- Kyphosis
- Lordosis
- Scoliosis
- Curve in upper back (hump)
- Curve in lower back (bent forward)
- Lateral curveture
91
Marfan’s syndrome
- Congenital disease in which excessive cartilage formation at the epiphyseal plates results in abnormally long limbs and a tall, thin body form
- The heart valves of individuals with this disease are also deformed, resulting in valvular heart disease
92
Meniscitis
Inflammation of a meniscus that results in joint pain`
93
Myasthenia gravis (MG)
“serious muscle weakness”
| - A condition caused by a progressive failure of muscles to respond to nerve stimulation
94
Myeloma
“tumor of bone marrow”
95
Myocele
Protrusion of muscle through its fascia
96
Myositis
Inflammation of a muscle
97
Osteitis
Inflammation of bone”
| - Bone tissue becomes inflamed when injured or exposed to infection
98
Paget disease (Osteitis deformans)
Disease that results in bone deformities due to the acceleration of bone loss
- Common symptoms are severe bone pain and frequent fractures
99
- Osteosarcoma
Bone cancer arising from connective tissue, usually within the bone itself
- Aggressive form of cancer, striking mostly the young and middle teens
100
Leukemia
“condition of white blood”
| - A form of cancer that originates from cells within the blood-forming tissue of the red marrow
101
Osteogenesis imperfecta
An inherited disease resulting in impaired bone growth and fragile bones
- it is a progressive disease, leading to severe bone pain, skeletal deformities, and frequent fractures
102
Osteomalacia
A disease resulting in the softening of bones
| - Cause is usually a hormonal imbalance, resulting in the gradual loss of calcium from bone tissue
103
Osteomyelitis
Inflammation of the red bone marrow
| - Usual cause is a bacterial infection
104
Osteoporosis
Abnormal loss of bone density (especially among postmenopausal women)
- Results in a loss of posture and flexibility and an increased risk of fractures
105
Paraplegia
Loss of sensation or voluntary movement of the area of the body below the hips, including both legs
106
Polymyositis
“inflammation of many muscles”
| - Autoimmune disease – white blood cells attack health tissue
107
Rickets
•A disease in which the bones become softened due to the excessive removal of calcium for other body functions
- Children with a long-term deficiency of vitamin D or calcium in the diet may exhibit bowed legs and growth retardation
108
Rotator cuff injury
A trauma to the shoulder can tear one or more tendons and muscles resulting in local inflammation, pain, and joint dislocation
109
Spinal cord injury (SCI)
Trauma to the vertebral column
| - Can cause paralysis of areas of the body below the vertebral level of the injury
110
Spondyloarthritis
“inflammation of joints of vertebrae”
| - Most common symptom is low back pain
111
Sprain
Tear of collagen fibers within a ligament
- Usually caused by stretching the ligament beyond its normal range without warming up or slowly stretching before exercise
112
Strain
Similar to a sprain but involving a muscle
| - Usually caused by stretching a muscle beyond its normal range
113
Temporomandibular joint disease (TMJ)
•Inflammation of the temporomandibular joint that results in frequent, painful dislocations
- Makes it difficult and painful to move the jaw during speaking and chewing
114
Tendonitis
Inflammation of a tendon
| - Common sports injury
115
Tenosynovitis
Form of tendonitis that includes inflammation of the synovial membrane surrounding the joint
116
Syn/o
connect
117
-centesis
surgical puncture
118
clasia, -clasis
break apart
119
-desis
surgical fixation, fusion
120
-iatry:
treatment, specialty
121
-ist:
one who specializes
122
-lysis
loosen, dissolve
123
-rrhaphy
suturing
124
Arthrocentesis
The aspiration of fluids through a surgical puncture into the synovial cavity of the joint
- Common treatment for joint injuries resulting in inflammation such as CTS
125
Arthroclasia
Procedure in which an abnormally stiff joint is broken during surgery to increase ROM
126
Arthrodesis
“surgical fixation of a joint”
127
Arthrogram
A special x-ray of a joint
128
Arthrolysis
Joint is loosened of abnormal restrictions (calcium deposits and bursoliths)
129
Arthroplasty
Procedure to repair a joint
| - Complete arthroplasty – refers to a joint replacement, most common is a knee replacement
130
Arthroscopy
Process of looking inside the joint
- The arthroscope is a wonderful surgical advance so that the surgeon can actually see the inside of a joint (scope is the device or camera that is used)
131
Arthrotomy
-Surgical incision into the synovial cavity of a joint
132
Bursectomy
Surgery involving the removal of a bursa from a joint
133
Chiropractic
- Field of therapy that is centered on manipulation of bones and joints (most commonly the vertebral column)
- Chiropractor – practitioner of the field
134
Chondrectomy
Surgical excision, or removal, of cartilage
135
Chondroplasty
Surgical repair of cartilage associated with a joint
136
Costectomy
Surgery involving the removal of a rib
137
Cranioplasty
Repair of the skull
138
Craniotomy
•A surgical incision through the cranium to provide access to the brain
139
Diskectomy
- Surgical procedure that is used frequently to reduce the pain of a herniated disk by surgically removing the intervertebral disk
140
Spinal fusion (spondylosyndesis)
- Surgical procedure in which the adjacent vertebrae are fused together following the removal of the disk
141
Laminectomy
-Surgical removal of the lamina to relieve pressure on the spinal cord
142
Electromyography (EMG)
A procedure that provides electrical stimulation of a muscle and records and analyzes the contractions
143
Fasciotomy
A surgical incision into the connective tissue sheath surrounding a muscle
144
Reduction
- aligning the broken bones to their normal positions; types include closed and open
- “bringing back to normal”
145
Myoplasty
Surgical repair of a muscle
146
Myorrhaphy
Surgical repair of a muscle often includes suturing the torn ends together in a procedure known as myorrhaphy
147
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs)
- Most common pharmacological treatment for inflammation or pain
- Examples: aspirin and ibuprofen
148
Orthotics
The field of medical support involving the construction and fitting of orthopedic appliances
149
Ostectomy
Surgical removal, or excision, of bone tissue
150
Osteopathy
A medical field that emphasizes the relationship between the musculoskeletal system and overall health with an emphasis on body alignment and nutrition
151
Tenorrhaphy
suturing of a tendon
152
ACL
anterior cruciate ligament
153
AS
ankylosing spondylitis
154
CTS
carpal tunnel syndrome
155
DJD
degenerative joint disease
156
DMD
Duchenne muscular dystrophy
157
DO
Doctor of osteopathy
158
EMG
electromyography
159
HNP
herniated nucleus pulposus
160
MG
myasthenia gravis
161
OA
osteoarthritis
162
RA
rheumatoid arthritis
163
RICE
– rest, ice, compression, elevation
164
ROM
range of motion
165
SCI
spinal cord injury
166
THR
total hip replacement
167
TKA
total knee arthroplasty
168
TKR
total knee replacement
169
TMJ
temporomandibular joint disease
