Meiosis

Question 1

What is meiosis?

Answer 1

Sexual reproduction
Production of gametes(spermandeggcells)
Cell division

Question 2

Result of meiosis

Answer 2

4 unique haploid daughter cells

Question 3

What is a diploid

Answer 3

2 sets of chromosomes

2n

Question 4

Haploid cells what are they

Answer 4

One set of chromosomes (N)

Question 5

What is the location of sex cells

Answer 5

Male-testies

Female-overies

Question 6

Definition: homologous

Answer 6

Similar but not identical

Question 7

When does crossing over occur

Answer 7

Prophase 1

Question 8

Prophase 1

Answer 8

Synapis occurs as homologous chromosomes pair up each pair is a tetrad
Crossing over occurs to produce recombinant

Question 9

Definition: recombinant

Answer 9

Variation, chromosomes that carry genes from 2 parents

Question 10

Metaphase 1

Answer 10

Independent assortment: random orientation of chromosomes

Tetras line up at equator
Microtubles attach to kinetochores.

Question 11

How many different diploid combinations are there?

Answer 11

64 trillion

2^23 x2

Question 12

Anaphase 1

Answer 12

Homologous pair separate

Question 13

Telophase 1

Answer 13

Haploid move to each sides of cell

Fully ready to be independent

Question 14

Cytokinesis

Answer 14

Split cytoplasm

Question 15

Result of meiosis 1

Answer 15

2 genetically different daughtercels

Question 16

Prophase 2

Answer 16

Spindle form with recombinant chromosomes

Question 17

Metaphase 2

Answer 17

Recombiant ( genetically different) chromosomes line up equator
Kinetochore attach to microtuble spindle

Question 18

Anaphase 2

Answer 18

Sister chromatids separate to opposite sides

Question 19

Telophase 2

Answer 19

Cytoplasm split to form 4 haploid daughter cells

Question 20

3 mechanisms contributing to genetic variation

Answer 20

Independent assortment of chromosomes
Crossing over
Random fertilization

Question 21

Define: genetic recombination

Answer 21

Variety and uniqueness through crossing over and random segregation

Question 22

What are the 2 types of chromosome alterations?

Answer 22

1. Non-disjunction

2. Chromosome structure

Question 23

What’s non disjunction

Answer 23

Addition or subtraction of chromosomes due to separation failure

Question 24

What is trisomy 21?

Answer 24

Extra chromosome

Down’s syndrome

Question 25

Where does trisomy 21 occur?

Answer 25

21st chromosome

Question 26

What is Triploidy

Answer 26

The gamete is diploid | 3n

Question 27

What is Polypioids?

Answer 27

More than 2 sets of chromosomes

Question 28

What are the 4 types of chromosome structure errors?

Answer 28

Deletion, duplication, inverse, translocation

Question 29

Deletion and give example

Answer 29

Remove a segment of chromosome Miss genes Cri du chat

Question 30

Duplication and example

Answer 30

Repeat segment | Eg. Chart Marie tooth disease

Question 31

Inverse and example

Answer 31

Reverse | Eg. Eg syndrome

Question 32

Translocation and example

Answer 32

Fragment of one c/s joins a non-homologous chromosome | Eg. Chronic myelegenous leukemia

Question 33

Define: gametogenesis

Answer 33

Production of gametes ( sperm and egg), atend of meiosis

Question 34

Define: spermatogensis

Answer 34

Process of male gamete (sperm) production normal meiosis)

Question 35

Define: Oogenesis

Answer 35

Production of eggs (gametes) in ovaries (unique process)

Question 36

Spermatogonium

Answer 36

An undifferentiated male germ cell | Diploid germ cell from which sperm are produced in testies

Question 37

Define: oogonium

Answer 37

A diploid cell where eggs are formed in ovaries

Question 38

Define: zygote

Answer 38

Fertilized egg

Question 39

3 ways genetic variation

Answer 39

1. Independent assortment of chromosomes 2. Crossing over 3. Random fertilization

Question 40

Define: independent assortment of chromosomes

Answer 40

Random orientation of homologous pairs at metaphase 1,50%, 50% chance of maternal or paternal

Question 41

Define: crossing over

Answer 41

Predicting "recombiant" chromosomes

Question 42

Desire: random fertilization

Answer 42

The possibilities are over 64 trillions