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cell cycle > meiosis > Flashcards

meiosis Flashcards

1
Q

why do you need miosis

A

-for sexual reproduction
-makes sex cell

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2
Q

gametes

A

sex cell

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3
Q

2 human gametes

A

sperm (testes)
eggs (ovaries)

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4
Q

how is a offspring formed “formula”

A

sperm+eggs—-(fertilization)—–> zygotes

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5
Q

how many chromosomes come from each parent

A

23

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6
Q

is parents give so many chromosomes how many chromosomes does the offspring have

A

46

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7
Q

zygote

A

offspring

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8
Q

ploidy

A

number of sets of chromosomes

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9
Q

diploid

A

2n

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10
Q

2n

A

2 sets of chromosomes in humans

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11
Q

haploid

A

1n half a set

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12
Q

polyploid

A

anything more then 3

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13
Q

the zygote formula but with number of chromosomes

A

sperm + eggs = zygote
23 + 23 = 46
1n + 1n =2n

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14
Q

mitosis 2n to

A

2n

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15
Q

meiosis 2n to

A

1n

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16
Q

meiosis 1 is called

A

reproduction division

17
Q

what happens in meiosis 1

A

homologous chromosomes separate and what the 2 cells have haploid cells with replicated chromosomes

18
Q

haploid cell

A

a cell that contains a single set of chromosomes

19
Q

meiosis 2

A

sister chromatids will separate and the 2 cells will have 4 different cells all together. you will end up with 4 1n haploid cells with unreplicated chromosomes

20
Q

tetrad

A

4 chromatids

21
Q

when chromatids cross over what can happen

A

a lot of genetic variations
and can do genetic “switches” sometimes

22
Q

tetrad can be formed by what process

A

synapsis

23
Q

independent orientation

A

When cells divide during meiosis, homologous chromosomes are randomly distributed to daughter cells, and different chromosomes segregate independently of each other.

24
Q

3 types of chromosome and genetic variations

A

independent orientation
cross-over
random fertilization

25
Q

cross-over

A

When two chromosomes line up, parts of the chromosome can be switched. The two chromosomes contain the same genes, but may have different forms of the genes.

26
Q

random fertilazation

A

the gametes produced (sperm and egg) randomly come together to form a zygote.

cell cycle (3 decks)

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