Meiosis Flashcards by Aljur Salonga

The form of cell division by which gametes,with half the number of chromosomes are produced

Meiosis

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2n and n

Diploid and haploid

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Is a sexual reproduction

Meiosis

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Two division of meiosis

Meiosis l & Meiosis ll

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The fusion of a sperm&egg to form a zygote

Fertilization

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Is a fertilized egg

Zygote

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Divide to produce gametes

Sex cells

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Have half of # of chromosomes

Gametes

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Occurs only in gonads

Meiosis

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Spermatogenesis

Male

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Oogenesis

Female

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Chromosome replicate (S phase)

Interphase l

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Each duplicated chromosome consists of two identical sister chromatids attached at their centromeres

Interphase l

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Nucleus and nucleolus visible

Interphase l

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Cell division that reduces the chromosomes no. by one half

Meiosis l

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Longest and most complex phase

Prophase l (synapsis)

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Chromosome condense

Prophase l

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Homologous chromosomes come together to form a tetrad

Synapsis

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Is two chromosomes or four chromatids

Tetrad

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Pairs of chromosomes that are similar same and size

Homologous chromosomes

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Carry genes controlling the same inherited traits

Homologous pairs

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position of a genes

Locus

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Method of organizing the chromosomes of a cell in relation to number,size and type

Karyotype

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Are sets 1-22

Autosomes

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Code for the sex of the offspring

Sex chromosomes

Segment of nonsister chromatids break and reattach to the other chromatids

Crossing over

Are the sites of a crossing over

Chiasmata (chiasma)

Shortest phase

Metaphase l

Tetrads align on the metaphase plate

Metaphase l

Homologous chromosomes separate and move towards the poles

Anaphase l

Sister chromatids remain attached at their centromeres

Anaphase l

Each pole now has haploid set of chromosomes

Telophase l

No interphase (no more DNA replication)

Meiosis ll

Sister chromatids separate

Anaphase ll

Nuclei form

Telophase ll

Cytokinesis occurs

Telophase ll

Four haploid daughter cells produced

Telophase ll

Important to population as the raw material for natural selection

Variation

3 sexual sources if genetic variation

*crossing over (prophase l) *Independent assortment (metaphase l) *Random fertilization

2 types of eukaryotic cells

*somatic cells *sex cells

Cells that make your organs and tissues

Somatic cells

The only cells that are not simatic

Sex cells

Division of the cell nucleus

Mitosis

Division of the cell cytoplasm

Cytokinesis

Is the series of events that cell go through as they grow and divide

Cell cycle

Is the period of growth that occurs between cell division

Interphase

Cell spends most of its life in this phase

Interphase

During the cell cycle

*A cell growth *prepares for division *divides to form two daughter cells, each of which begins the cycle again

4 phases of cell cycle

*G1 (first gap phase) *S phase *G2 (second gap phase) *M phase

Increase in size (cell growth)

Synthesis new proteins and organelles (cell develops)

Chromosome are replicated

S phase

DNA synthesis takes place

S phases

Organelles and molecules required for cell division are produced

G2 phase

Once g2 is complete, the cell is ready to start

M phase-mitosis

Why does interphase happen?

Cell must grow in order for extra organelles and DNA to have a room in the cell

Long,thin strands made up of dna

Chromatin

Genetic information is pasted from one generation

Chromosomes

Condensed chromatin

Chromosomes

Made of dna molecule

Chromosomes

Consists of two identical sister chromatids

Chromosomes

Each pair of chromatids is attached at an area

Centromere

Cell division

Mitosis

Occurs in body cells

Somatic cells

Centrioles separate and move to opposite poles

Prophase

Spindle fibers appear

Prophase

Nucleolus and nuclear membrane (envelope) disappear

Prophase

Chromosomes attach to spindle fibers in center of the cell

Metaphase

Centromeres split apart and chromatids separate from one another

Anaphase

Chromosomes reach opposite poles of cell

Telophase

Chromatids unwind back into chromatin

Telophase

Nuclear envelope and nucleolus reappear reforming the nucleus

Telophase

Spindle fibers disappear

Telophase

New double membrane

Cell membrane

Form between 2 nuclei

Cell pinches

Animal cell

Cleavage

Plant cell

Cell plate

Cytoplasm pinches in half

Cytokinesis

Glue for chromosomes

Centromere

Each daughter cells has an identical set of duplicate chromosomes

Cytokinesis

G1 checkpoint

*Nutrients *Growth factors *DNA damage

G2 checkpoint

*cell size *DNA replication

Metaphase checkpoint

Chromosomes spindle attached

Meiosis Flashcards

(83 cards)