Meiosis

Question 1

diploid

Answer 1

cell contains 23 pairs of chromosomes- 46 in total

Question 2

haploid

Answer 2

cell contains 23 single chromosomes (half the genetic information needed)

Question 3

zygote

Answer 3

the cell made when a sperm cell fertilises an egg cell in sexual reproduction

Question 4

mitosis

Answer 4

cell division to produce genetically identical cells

Question 5

describe the make up of chromosomes in a sperm cell

Answer 5

1 chromosomes from each pair in the male

Question 6

describe the make up of chromosomes in the egg cell

Answer 6

1 chromosome from each pair in the female

Question 7

what type of cells are made in mitosis?

Answer 7

body cells

Question 8

what type of cells are made in meiosis?

Answer 8

sex cells

Question 9

where does mitosis take place in a human?

Answer 9

everywhere in the body

Question 10

where does meiosis take place in a human?

Answer 10

reproductive organs (testies and ovaries)

Question 11

are the daughter cells genetically identical or genetically different in mitosis?

Answer 11

identical

Question 12

are the daughter cells genetically identical or genetically different in meiosis?

Answer 12

different

Question 13

how many divisions take place in mitosis?

Answer 13

1

Question 14

how many divisions take place in meiosis?

Answer 14

2

Question 15

how many daughter cells are produced in mitosis?

Answer 15

2

Question 16

how many daughter cells are produced in meiosis?

Answer 16

4

Question 17

give two similarities between mitosis and meiosis?

Answer 17

-DNA replicates before process starts
-stages are PMAT for both

Question 18

give two differences between mitosis and meiosis

Answer 18

-number of cells
-mitosis is diploid and meiosis haploid

Question 19

how does sexual reproduction lead to variation?

Answer 19

-mutation can occur
-it is random when gametes fuse
-meiosis creates variation
-

Question 20

meiosis

Answer 20

cell division to produce gametes(sex cells)

Question 21

how does meiosis create variation?

Answer 21

-random as to which sides of the cell chromosome/chromatid is facing
-crossing over between chromatids can occur (alleles are swapped between them)

Question 22

what are the phases of meiosis I?

Answer 22

-prophase I
-metaphase I
-anaphase I
-telophase I

Question 23

describe meiosis I

Answer 23

division I- diploid to haploid (DNA already replicated in S phase of cell cycle)

Question 24

describe prophase I

Answer 24

-nucleus envelope breaks down
-chromosomes condense

Question 25

describe metaphase I

Answer 25

-chromosomes line up in pairs on the equator of the cell -spindle fibres attach to centromere

Question 26

describe anaphase I

Answer 26

chromosomes are pulled to opposite sides

Question 27

describe telophase I

Answer 27

-nucleus reforms -cytoplasm starts to split -23 chromosomes in each cell (they are now haploid)

Question 28

cytonkinesis

Answer 28

splitting of cytoplasm

Question 29

what are the phases of meiosis II?

Answer 29

-prophase II -metaphase II -anaphase II -telophase II

Question 30

describe meiosis II

Answer 30

division 2- splits copies of the chromosomes

Question 31

describe prophase II

Answer 31

-nuclear envelope breaks down -chromosomes condense

Question 32

describe metaphase II

Answer 32

chromosomes line up on the equator

Question 33

describe anaphase II

Answer 33

chromatids are pulled to opposite sides of the cell

Question 34

describe telophase II

Answer 34

nuclear envelope reforms