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Biology > Meiosis > Flashcards

Meiosis Flashcards

1
Q

Mutagens

A

Factors that cause mutations

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2
Q

Carcinogens

A

Factors that cause mutations that lead to cancer

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3
Q

Haploid cell - how many chromosomes total

A

23 total - n

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4
Q

Haploid cell

+ example

A

Single set of chromosomes
(ex. gamete)

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5
Q

Diploid cell

A

Two homologous chromosomes

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5
Q

Mitosis

A

Produces cells for growth & repair

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6
Q

Doploid cell - how many chromosomes total

A

46 total - 2n

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7
Q

Meiosis

A

Produces gametes For reproduction

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8
Q

Why is meiosis crutial

A

it reduces the chromosome number by half ensuring that when two gametes combine the offspring will have the correct number of chromosomes

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9
Q

How many times does interphase happen

A

once

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10
Q

Interphase:
- G1
- S-phase
- G2

A
  • G1: cell growth → produces proteins & organelles
  • S-phase: chromosome replication process
  • G2: cell growth & preperation for division
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11
Q
A
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11
Q

what happens in Meiosis 1

A

seperation of homologous pairs

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12
Q

what happens in Meiosis 2

A

Seperation of sister chromatids no s-phase betwen them

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13
Q

Prophase 1

Chiasmata

+ whats formed

A

Chiasmata → specific places where homologous chromosomes connect and form tetrads

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14
Q

crossing over (+when)

A

P1: non sister chromatids
of homolegous pairs exchange DNA

15
Q

Metaphase (1)

(3)

A
  • Homologous pairs of chremosomes line up on the metaphase plate
  • A spinale fiber from one end pale attaches to one hair le a spindle fiber from the sther end pole to the other
  • The homologous pairs are then seperated into different nuclei
16
Q

Anaphase (1)

A

The Homologous pairs seperate & then move the opposite ends of the sell

17
Q

A1

Each chromosome has how many sister chromatids

A

Each chromosome still has two sister chromatids

18
Q

Telophase and cytokinesis (1)

A

The chromosomes consisting of two sister chromatids seperate into two daughter cells, each with one chromosome of two sisters

19
Q

Meiosis (2) - what doesn’t it have?

A

Doesn’t have an interphase

20
Q

What happens in meiosis 2

A

the sister chromatids are seperated

21
Q

what is there by the end of meiosis 2

A

by the end of meiosis 2, there are 4 daughter haploid cells (NO sister chromatids)

22
Q

Spermatogenisis

A

gamete → sperm

23
Q

Oogenesis

A

gamete → egg

24
Q

A woman is born with all the corytes she will ever have

A
  • The follides atrophy after menopause
  • with each menstrual cycle, one oogle begins to continue on through the first & second meatie divisions
25
Q

Problems with Meiosis

(2)

A
  1. Nondisjunction of homologous (in meiosis 1)
  2. nondisjunction of sister chromatids (in meiosis 2)
26
Q

Trisomic cell

and example

A

One extra chromosome

trisomy 21

27
Q

Monosomic cell

A

one missing chromosome
lethal

28
Q

Turner’s Syndrome

A

XO

29
Q

Klinefelter syndrome

A

XXY

Biology (12 decks)

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