Meiosis Flashcards
(16 cards)
what is mitosis?
process where the nucleus and its contents (DNA) divide
what is asexual reproduction?
- the production of a clone offspring which is identical to that of the parent
- DNA is identical from parent to offspring
what is a diploid
- having a full set of chromosomes (2n)
- are found in every cell of your body except for the reproductive cells (sperm & eggs)
what is sexual reproduction
- producing offspring from 2 different parents with the mixing of 2 sets of DNA
- offspring is different from parents
what are gametes
- specialized reproductive cells (sex cells; sperm & ova)
- haploid (n) 1/2 the set of chromosomes
what is meiosis?
the process that produces gametes with half the number of chromosomes as that of body cells (somatic cells)
- there are 2 phases of meiosis: meiosis 1 and meiosis 2
Interphase in meiosis 1
sister chromatids form homologous pairs
mitosis in meiosis 1
prophase, metaphase, anaphase, telophase
- 2 events will occur, crossing over and independent assortment
- creates genetic variation
cytokinesis in meiosis 1
homologous pairs are separated into 2 identical cells
what is crossing over?
a process in meiosis 1 in which homologous pairs line up during metaphase 1 and non-sister chromatids exchange segments of DNA
what is independent assortment?
in meiosis 1, homologous pairs will randomly separate into daughter cells
how many devisions are there in meiosis?
two
how many daughter cells are produced in meiosis?
four
what is the human diploid number of chromosomes?
46
what is the human haploid number of chromosomes?
23 (pairs)
female and male organisms produce specialized cells called ______ that are necessary for reproduction.
gametes
