Meiosis

Question 1

Mendel’s Principles of Genetics

Answer 1

Each organism must inherit a single copy of every gene from each of its parents

When an organism produces its own gamits, those two sets of genes must be separated from each other so that each gamete contains just one set of genes.

Question 2

Homologous

Answer 2

Each of the 4 chromosomes that came from the male parent has a corresponding chromosome from the female parent

Question 3

Diploid

Answer 3

A cell that contains both sets of homologous chromosomes

Question 4

Haploid

Answer 4

Contain only a single set of chromosomes, and therefore only a single set of genes

Question 5

Meiosis

Answer 5

A process of reduction division in which the number of chromosomes per cell is cut in half through the separation of homologous chromosomes in a diploid cell

Question 6

Meiosis 1

Answer 6

Prophase 1:
Each chromosome pairs with its corresponding homologous to form a tetrad.
Metaphase 1:
Spindle fibers attach to the chromosomes
Anaphase 1:
The fibers pull the homologous toward the opposite ends of the cell
Telophase 1 and Cytokinesis:
Nuclear membranes form. The cell separates into two cells

Question 7

Tetrad

Answer 7

In prophase of Meiosis 1, each chromosome pairs with its corresponding homologous chromosome to form a structure called a Tetrad.

Question 8

Crossing-Over

Answer 8

Results in the exchange of alleles between homologous chromosomes and produces new combinations of alleles

Question 9

Meiosis 2

Answer 9

Prophase II:
Meiosis results in two haploid daughter cells each with half the number of chromosomes as the original cell.
Metaphase II:
The chromosomes line up similarly to the metaphase stage of mitosis.
Anaphase II:
The sister chromatids separate and move toward opposite ends of the cell.
Telophase II and Cytokinesis:
Meiosis II results in four haploid daughter cells

Question 10

Mitosis

Answer 10

Results in the production of two genetically identical diploid cells