Meiosis and Genetics

Question 1

How many genes does a single chromosome have?

Answer 1

1500

Question 2

What are chromosomes that make up a pair called?

Answer 2

Homologous chromosomes

Question 3

What are the instructions for traits passed to a new organism found on?

Answer 3

Chromosomes

Question 4

How many chromosomes do you receive from each of your parents? (individually)

Answer 4

23 from each parent

Question 5

Are homologous chromosomes identical?

Answer 5

No, they are similar but not identical

Question 6

What are gametes?

Answer 6

Sex cells with half the number of chromosomes

Question 7

What does the symbol n represent?

Answer 7

The number of chromosomes

Question 8

What is fertilization?

Answer 8

The process in which one haploid gamete joins with another haploid gamete

Question 9

Gametes are formed during a process called___?

Answer 9

Meiosis

Question 10

What occurs when a section of one chromosome changes place with a section of it’s homologous chromosome?

Answer 10

Crossing over

Question 11

How many daughter cells are created during meiosis?

Answer 11

4 daughter cells

Question 12

Meiosis occurs in organisms that reproduce asexually or sexually?

Answer 12

Sexually

Question 13

How does meiosis contribute to genetic diversity?

Answer 13

The 4 daughter cells produced contain genes from both parents,male and female

Question 14

How many stages are there in meiosis?

Answer 14

8 stages

Question 15

the first stage of meiosis is telophase 1, interphase 1, or prophase 1 ?

Answer 15

Prophase 1

Question 16

What is the overall purpose of meiosis?

Answer 16

To create genetic diversity

Question 17

If Prophase 1 is disrupted, what is most likely to happen?

Answer 17

The process of crossing over will not happen, resulting in less genetic diversity of the organism

Question 18

Crossing over only occurs during what process; Telophase 1, Prophase 2, Interphase, Prohase 1?

Answer 18

Crossing over occurs during Prophase 1

Question 19

A haploid cell has how many sets of genes?

Answer 19

A haploid cell has 1 set of genes

Question 20

A diploid cell has how many sets of genes?

Answer 20

A diploid cell has 2 sets of genes

Question 21

What is the purpose of meiosis 1 and what does it produce?

Answer 21

Meiosis 1 is the first round of cell division in which homologous cells are separated and 2 diploid cells are created.

Question 22

What is the purpose of meiosis 2 and what does it produce?

Answer 22

Meiosis 2 is the process in which the 2 sister chromatids are separated and 4 haploid gametes are produced.

Question 23

Meiosis has a total of 8 stages. There are two rounds of cell division, with 4 stages per round. What are each of the 4 stages called ?

Answer 23

The first four stages are prophase 1, metaphase 1, anaphase 1, and telophase 1.
Followed by Prophase 2, metaphase 2, anaphase 2, and telophase 2.

Question 24

Which of these is not a stage of meiosis and why:

telophase 2, metaphse 2, interphase, and telophase 1.

Answer 24

Interphase is not a stage of meiosis. It is a stage of mitosis in which a cell grows and makes a copy of it’s DNA. It also occurs in a cell right before Meiosis 1.

Question 25

Why might meiosis not occur in all cells?

Answer 25

meiosis only occurs in cells that reproduce in order to create haploid gametes that are used during reproduction. (exp, sperm, egg.)

Question 26

During prophase 1, the starting cell is diploid. What are the newly forming cells at the end of meiosis 1?

Answer 26

The newly forming cells are 2 haploid cells.

Question 27

Interphase does not occur during ether meiosis 1 or meiosis 2. When does it occur?

Answer 27

Interphase occurs right before Meiosis 1, in which the cell makes a copy of it's DNA before entering prophase 1.

Question 28

What is a difference between the RESULTS of mitosis and meiosis?

Answer 28

The result of mitosis is two diploid cells that are identical to the original. Meiosis results in four haploid gametes that aren't genetically identical anymore.

Question 29

What is a key difference between mitosis and meiosis?

Answer 29

Mitosis is a cycle that happens continuously in order for the body to grow. Meiosis is a process that a cell goes through to create haploid gametes and be able to reproduce.

Question 30

Mitosis occurs in what type of cell? What type of cell does meiosis occur in?

Answer 30

Mitosis occurs in somatic cells. Meiosis occurs in germ cells.

Question 31

what were the parent plants in Mendel's experiment called?

Answer 31

P generation

Question 32

What were the offspring of the two parent plants called?

Answer 32

The F1 generation

Question 33

What were the offspring of the F1 generation called?

Answer 33

The F2 generation

Question 34

A dominant trait is__

Answer 34

A dominant trait is the trait that appears in an organism

Question 35

A recessive trait is__

Answer 35

A recessive trait is the version that is hidden in an organism

Question 36

A different form of a gene passed down through generations is called__

Answer 36

An allele

Question 37

If both alleles for a trait are the same, then the organism is__?

Answer 37

If both alleles for a trait are the same, then the organism is homozygous.

Question 38

The organism is __ if the alleles are different

Answer 38

The organism is heterozygous is the alleles are different

Question 39

Dominant alleles __ recessive alleles

Answer 39

Dominant alleles mask recessive alleles

Question 40

A genotype is __

Answer 40

A genotype is an organisms allele pair

Question 41

The expression of an allele pair, or it's outward appearance is called__

Answer 41

A phenotype

Question 42

What is Mendel's Law of Segregation?

Answer 42

The law states that the two alleles for each | trait separate from each other during meiosis and then unite during fertilization

Question 43

What is a hybrid?

Answer 43

an heterozygous organism whose parents have different forms of a trait

Question 44

What is the Law of Independent Assortment?

Answer 44

the Law of independent assortment states that alleles distribute randomly when gametes are made.

Question 45

What is a Punnet square useful for?

Answer 45

A punnet square is useful for predicting the genotype and phenotype of an offspring