Meiosis and Mitosis Flashcards
(23 cards)
Cell Division
Cell division is the process by which a cell splits into two identical or similar daughter cells. It’s a fundamental process for life that’s part of the cell cycle.
Sexual Reproduction
Sexual reproduction is a biological process that involves the combination of gametes from two parents to produce offspring with a unique combination of traits.
Chromosome
A threadlike structure of nucleic acids and protein found in the nucleus of most living cells, carrying genetic information in the form of genes.
Chromatin.
Chromatin is a complex of DNA, RNA, and proteins that condenses DNA into a compact form that fits inside the nucleus of a cell. Chromatin is found in eukaryotic cells, including humans and other higher organisms.
Cell Cycle
The cell cycle is the series of steps a cell goes through to grow, copy its DNA, and divide into two daughter cells. It’s also known as the mitotic cycle.
Interphase
Interphase is the phase of the cell cycle when a cell grows, replicates its DNA, and prepares for cell division. It’s the stage when a cell is not dividing
Prophase
Prophase is the first stage of cell division in mitosis and meiosis. During prophase, DNA condenses and the nucleolus disappears
Metaphase
Metaphase is a stage of cell division when chromosomes condense and line up in the middle of a cell. It is the third phase of mitosis, the process that creates two identical daughter cells from a parent cell
Anaphase
Anaphase is the stage of mitosis when duplicated chromosomes separate and move to opposite ends of a cell. It’s the fourth phase of mitosis, which is the process that creates two identical daughter cells from a parent cell’s nucleus
Telophase
Telophase is the final stage of cell division in both mitosis and meiosis. During this stage, the chromosomes are separated and a new nuclear membrane forms around each set of chromosomes
Mitosis
Mitosis is a process of cell division that produces two identical daughter cells from a single parent cell. It’s a fundamental process that occurs in almost all cells of the body, and is essential for growth, development, and repair.
Meiosis
Meiosis is a type of cell division that produces gametes, or sex cells, in sexually reproducing organisms.
Cytokinesis
Cytokinesis is the final stage of cell division where the cytoplasm of a single cell is physically divided into two separate daughter cells, effectively splitting the cell in half and ensuring each new cell receives a complete set of organelles and genetic material; it occurs concurrently with the nuclear division stages of mitosis and meiosis.
Centriole
A minute cylindrical organelle near the nucleus in animal cells, occurring in pairs and involved in the development of spindle fibers in cell division.
Appotosis
A type of cell death in which a series of molecular steps in a cell lead to its death. This is one method the body uses to get rid of unneeded or abnormal cells.
Cancer
A disease caused by an uncontrolled division of abnormal cells in a part of the body.
Embryo
An unborn or unhatched offspring in the process of development, in particular a human offspring during the period from approximately the second to the eighth week after fertilization
Homologous
Having the same relation, relative position, or structure.
Haploid
Haploid refers to the presence of a single set of chromosomes in an organism’s cells.
Diploid
Diploid is a term that refers to the presence of two complete sets of chromosomes in an organism’s cells, with each parent contributing a chromosome to each pair.
Crossing Over
The process where genetic material is exchanged between paired homologous chromosomes during meiosis, resulting in new combinations of alleles on the chromosomes and contributing to genetic variation in offspring
Somatic
All the cells in the body that are not reproductive cells, or germ cells, like sperm and eggs
Gamete
Refers to a reproductive cell, also known as a sex cell, which is used during sexual reproduction to produce a new organism
