meiosis and mitosis Flashcards
(22 cards)
What is budding?
Organism produces offspring from a part of the body
Example: Hydra reproducing by growing small buds that detach
What is regeneration?
Organism can regrow lost body parts or create entire new organisms
Example: Planarian flatworms can regrow entire bodies from small fragments
What is binary fission?
Single-celled organism splits into two identical daughter cells
Example: Bacteria like E. coli reproducing by dividing into two
What is fragmentation?
Organism breaks into multiple pieces, each becoming a new organism
Example: Starfish and some types of worms
What is vegetative reproduction?
Plants creating new individuals from their vegetative parts
Example: Strawberry plants producing runners
What is sporulation?
Formation of spores to help organisms survive harsh conditions
Example: Bacillus anthracis, the bacterium causing anthrax, forms spores to endure tough environments
What are the phases of the cell cycle?
- Interphase
- Prophase
- Metaphase
- Anaphase
- Telophase
- Cytokinesis
What occurs during the G1 phase of interphase?
Cell growth
What occurs during the S phase of interphase?
DNA replication
What occurs during the G2 phase of interphase?
Preparation for division
What happens during prophase of mitosis?
Chromosomes condense, nuclear envelope breaks down, spindle fibers form
What happens during metaphase of mitosis?
Chromosomes align at cell’s equator, spindle fibers attach to centromeres
What happens during anaphase of mitosis?
Sister chromatids separate, pulled to opposite cell poles
What happens during telophase of mitosis?
Chromosomes reach poles, nuclear envelope reforms, cytoplasm begins to divide
What is cytokinesis?
Final separation of daughter cells
What occurs during prophase I of meiosis?
Homologous chromosomes pair up
What occurs during metaphase I of meiosis?
Chromosomes align
What occurs during anaphase I of meiosis?
Homologous chromosomes separate
What occurs during telophase I of meiosis?
Two daughter cells formed
What is the outcome of meiosis II?
Sister chromatids separate, four final gamete cells produced
True or False: Mitosis results in two identical daughter cells.
True
True or False: Meiosis results in four identical gamete cells.
False
