Meiosis And Mitosis Exam

Question 1

What is biology the study of?

Answer 1

Life

Question 2

What is an independent variable?

Answer 2

A variable that isn’t changed by other variables

Question 3

What is a dependent variable?

Answer 3

A variable that changes as a result of the independent variable manipulation

Question 4

What is a monomer?

Answer 4

Atoms or small molecules that bond together to form more complex structures such as polymers

Question 5

What is a polymer?

Answer 5

any class composed of very large molecules called macromolecules

Question 6

What are the characteristics of life?

Answer 6

Reproduction,heredity,cell organization,growth,development,response to stimuli, evolution
, homeostasis,metabolism

Question 7

What is homeostasis?

Answer 7

Process by which a living organism can maintain internal balance while adjusting to changing external conditions

Question 8

What is an enzyme?

Answer 8

Proteins that help speed up the metabolism

Question 9

What are the 3 parts of the cell theory

Answer 9

1-All living organisms are composed of one or more cells
2-a cell is the basic structural unit of living organisms
3-all cells arise from pre existing cells

Question 10

What’s the difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic?

Answer 10

Eukaryotic cells have a membrane bound nucleus and prokaryotic cells do not

Question 11

What are organelles?

Answer 11

A structure that has one or more specific jobs to perform in the cell

Question 12

Nucleus?

Answer 12

Holds all the genetic information as the cells control center

Question 13

Mitochondria?

Answer 13

Organize cellular energy production

Question 14

Lysosomes?

Answer 14

Break down excess or worn out cell parts

Question 15

Chloroplast?

Answer 15

Produce energy through photosynthesis

Question 16

Ribosomes

Answer 16

Collect amino acids to create particular proteins

Question 17

Vesicles?

Answer 17

Help transport materials than an organism needs to survive and recycle

Question 18

Golgi apparatus

Answer 18

Proteins received are transported to lysosomes, plasma membrane, or secretion

Question 19

Endoplasmic reticulum?

Answer 19

Produce proteins for the rest of the cells go function

Question 20

Cell membrane?

Answer 20

A barrier that keeps the unwanted substance out

Question 21

Cell wall

Answer 21

Provides structural strength and support

Question 22

What is the phospholipid bilayer made out of?

Answer 22

2 layers of phospholipids
Hydrophilic(heads) and hydrophobic(tails)

Question 23

What structure in the phospholipid bilayer is responsible for fluidity of the membrane?

Answer 23

Cholesterol molecules

Question 24

What is selectively permeable?

Answer 24

Some substances are able to pass through the membrane and some are not

Question 25

What are the 2 major functions of the cell membrane?

Answer 25

Transport nutrients into the cell and transport toxic substances out of the cell

Question 26

What is diffusion?

Answer 26

Movement of molecules from high to low

Question 27

What is a concentration gradient?

Answer 27

The concentration of something changes from one place to another

Question 28

What is osmosis?

Answer 28

The net movement of water across a semi permeable membrane

Question 29

Hypotonic?

Answer 29

Goes from a higher solute concentration to lower

Question 30

Isotonic?

Answer 30

No net water movement either way

Question 31

High solute Low water

Answer 31

Goes from higher water concentration to lower

Question 32

What is facilitated diffusion?

Answer 32

The passive movement of molecules a long the concentration gradient

Question 33

How does facilitated diffusion work?

Answer 33

Molecules defuse across the plasma membrane with assistance from membrane proteins such as channels and carriers

Question 34

What occurs during each step of the cell cycle?

Answer 34

The cell increases in size(G1) Copies it’s DNA(S) Prepares to divide(G2) Divides(M)

Question 35

What type of check occurs during the g1 and g2 stages before the cell can move onto the next step?

Answer 35

Metaphase-Anaphase transition Spindle checkpoint

Question 36

What is the purpose of mitosis

Answer 36

Provide new cells for growth and replacement of worn out cells

Question 37

What do you end up with at the end of mitosis?

Answer 37

2 identical daughter cells

Question 38

What is the difference between a chromosome and chromatin

Answer 38

Chromatin-DNA and protein that make up chromosome Chromosome-separate pieces of DNA in a cell

Question 39

What occurs during interphase

Answer 39

The cell grows,replicates it’s DNA and prepares for mitosis

Question 40

What occurs during prophase

Answer 40

The chromosomes condense and Centrosomes move to opposite sides of the nucleus, initiating formation of the spindle

Question 41

What occurs during metaphase?

Answer 41

The nucleus dissolves and the cells chromosomes condense and move together, aligning in the center of the dividing cell

Question 42

What occurs during anaphase

Answer 42

Sister chromatids separate from each other and are pulled towards opposite ends of the cell

Question 43

What occurs during telophase

Answer 43

The sister chromatids return with in new nuclear envelopes

Question 44

What occurs during cytokinesis

Answer 44

Divides the cytoplasm of a parental cell into 2 daughter cells

Question 45

What is cancer

Answer 45

A group of diseases In which cells continuously divide

Question 46

Why does cancer occur

Answer 46

Mutations in gametes accelerate cell division rates or restrain normal controls of the system, such as cell cycle arrest or programmed cell death

Question 47

How are somatic cells different from Gametes

Answer 47

Somatic-body cells with a full set of chromosomes Gametes-sex cells with half the chromosomes number for sexual reproduction

Question 48

Haploid cells?

Answer 48

Half the number of chromosomes than diploid

Question 49

Diploid cells?

Answer 49

Complete set of chromosomes

Question 50

What genetic material does an organism receive from their mother?

Answer 50

Mitochondrial DNA

Question 51

What genetic material does an organism receive from their father?

Answer 51

Nuclear DNA

Question 52

What occurs during fertilization?

Answer 52

Forms a zygote with a complete set of chromosomes

Question 53

What is the purpose of meiosis

Answer 53

To produce haploid cells such as gametes for sexual reproduction

Question 54

What happens in prophase 2

Answer 54

Chromosomes condense again in haploid cells

Question 55

What happens in metaphase 2

Answer 55

Chromosomes align at the cells equator in haploid cells

Question 56

What happens in anaphase 2

Answer 56

Sister chromatids separate move to opposite poles

Question 57

What happens in telophase 2

Answer 57

Chromosomes reach opposite poles, nuclear envelopes form,cells undergo cytokinesis completing the process

Question 58

What is homologous chromosomes

Answer 58

Carry similar genetic information

Question 59

What are sex chromosomes

Answer 59

Cells that determine an individuals sex and inheritance of traits

Question 60

When do homologous chromosomes separate

Answer 60

Anaphase 1

Question 61

When do sister chromatids separate

Answer 61

Anaphase 2

Question 62

What is a karyotype

Answer 62

organism’s chromosome management

Question 63

How can karyotypes be used to study human chromosomes

Answer 63

Analyze chromosomes for genetic disorders

Question 64

What is the correct order for organism,tissue,cells,organ,organ system

Answer 64

Cell,tissue,organ,organ system,organism

Question 65

Where in the cell is DNA found in eukaryotes

Answer 65

Nucleus

Question 66

Do all cell types keep their dna in the same place

Answer 66

No, varied cell types such as red blood cells,organelles,DNA

Question 67

What is a gamete

Answer 67

A reproductive cell

Question 68

What is a somatic cell

Answer 68

A body cell

Question 69

What is a zygote

Answer 69

A fertilized egg formed by sperm egg fusion

Question 70

How many chromosomes does each cell end up with after meiosis

Answer 70

23(haploid)

Question 71

How many chromosomes does each cell end up with after meiosis

Answer 71

The same chromosome number as parents