Meiosis & Genetics Flashcards
(30 cards)
How many genes does each chromosome have?
1500
What are the chromosomes that make up a pair called?
homologous
What number of chromosomes does ānā equal for humans?
23
What organisms does meiosis take place in?
humans, plants, animals
How many cell divisions occur in meiosis?
2
What phase does meiosis begin with?
prophase 1
During what does chromosomes often swap pieces of DNA?
synapsis
What is the second stage of meiosis?
metaphase
What happens when the spindle fibers move towards opposite polls of the cell?
chromosome number goes from 2n to n
In what way can meiosis lead to more genetic diversity?
crossing over
What is a trait?
characteristics such as hair color, eye color. etc
What do gametes help with?
maintaining the same number of chromosomes from generation to generation
What is the benefit of sexual reproduction?
rate of beneficial mutations is faster & beneficial genes multiply faster over time
How many chromosomes does an organism inherit from a single parent in asexual reproduction?
all of them
what happens during metaphase 1?
chromosomes attach to spindle fibers & homologous chromosomes line up as a pair at the equator
what is meiosis?
a type of cell divison that reduces the number of chromosomes in a cell and produces gametes
what is a gamete?
a sex cell (sperm or eggs for humans)
What phases happen during meiosis?
prophase, metphase, anaphase, telophase
how many sets of homologous chromosomes are in diploid chromosomes?
2
how many sets of homologous chromosomes are in haploid cells?
1
what is the purpose of meiosis?
to produce gametes
in meiosis, how many daughter cells are produced?
4
are the daughter cells that are produced in meiosis diploid or haploid?
haploid
what are homologous chromosomes?
set of chromosomes (one from each parent) that are very similar to one another and have the same size/shape
