Meiosis & Genetics Flashcards
(30 cards)
What are homologous chromosomes
The chromosomes that make up a pair, one from each parent
What are the characteristics of homologous chromosomes
Same length and centromere position
What is a gamete
sex cells
What is a diploid cell
a cell with 2n chromosomes
What is meiosis
cell division that reduces the # of chromosomes by half
What happens during interphase
cells carryout metabolic functions, copies DNA, and makes proteins.
What is synapsis
A process where homologous chromosomes turn into homologous pairs
What happens after telophase 1
cytokinesis
What are haploid cells
a cell with 23 chromosomes
How many cells are there after meiosis II
Four haploid cells with 23 chromosmomes each
What are traits
Characteristics such as hair and eye color.
How many cells do humans have
46 or 23 pairs
In what phase do chromosomes replicate and chromatin condenses
Prophase 1
Each chromosome contains what
Hundreds of genes
What letter is used to show 23 chromosomes
n
Chromosomes line up in the middle of equator
metaphase
Describe the main goal of meiosis I
separate homologous pairs
Explain the relationship between sexual reproduction and meiosis
Meiosis creates gametes, and gametes undergo fertilization which is what sexual reproduction
Differentiate between meiosis I and II
Meiosis 1 separates homologous pairs and II separates sister chromatids.
What is a likely result of crossing over during meiosis I?
Production of recombinant gametes
Which of the following occurs during meiosis II?
sister chromatids split
During meiosis, when does the ploidy (number of sets of chromosomes) get reduced from diploid (2n) to haploid (n)?
Once telophase I of meiosis I is complete
Compare and contrast the result # of cells in meiosis and mitosis
Unlike mitosis, which results in two daughter cells, meiosis results in 4 haploid cells.
What is the overall purpose of meiosis?
To create gametes
