Meiosis & Genetics Flashcards
(26 cards)
Where can you find chromosomes?
In the nuclei of cells.
What is the amount of genes in each chromosome?
1,500 genes
The chromosomes that make up a pair, one from each parent, are called __________ chromosomes.
homologous
A cell with n number of chromosomes is called a ___________ cell.
haploid
Sex cells are formed during _______ .
meiosis
Meiosis 1 begins with ____ __.
prophase 1/2
What happens during metaphase 1?
The pairs of homologous chromosomes line up in the center of the cell.
What is the final stage of meiosis 1/2?
Telophase 1/2
Compare and contrast meiosis 1 vs. meiosis 2.
The goal during meiosis 1 is to separate homologous pairs but on the other hand, the goal during meiosis 2 is to separate sister chromatids. The same phases (prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase 1 & 2) takes place in each.
Sexual reproduction can only be used by complex animals.
Yes, it can only be used by complex animals, for example, humans. It is not used with plants and some simple animals.
Can mutations be hazardous?
Yes, it could lead to disease and even death when the trait is new and not minor. But, rarely, mutations can produce traits that can be beneficial as species evolve.
What is genetic variation?
Genetic variation is what makes different species unique.
Which pair of traits can be more seen within the offspring?
Two pairs of traits make up the offspring, but the more dominant traits will be more seen through.
Does the egg choose a specific sperm to fertilize?
No, out of the abundance of sperm trying to enter the egg, the egg chooses a random sperm.
Are all genetic variants visible?
No, many are “invisible” but are still documented as a genetic variation.
Identify how many chromosomes humans have in total.
43 chromosomes in total; 23 from each parent.
In mitosis, describe what number of cells are duplicated into?
Diploid (2n) cells are split into two new diploid (2n) cells.
In meiosis, explain what number of cells are duplicated into?
Diploid (2n) cells are split into two new haploid (n) cells.
Interpret how the cell prepares itself before going into meiosis 1?
As well with the cells prepping before entering mitosis, the cell would go into interphase. It will grow, copies its chromosomes, and prepares for division during the Gap 1 phase, S phase, and Gap 2 phase. However, interphase is technically not a part of meiosis.
Define sister chromatids.
Two halves of a duplicated chromosome.
Defend why sexual reproduction is more important than meiosis.
Meiosis is needed for sexual reproduction to occur, but, sexual reproduction includes fertilization which is not part of the meiotic process.
Do all cells undergo meiosis?
No, meiosis only occurs in reproductive cells.
During meiosis, when does the ploidy (number of sets of chromosomes) get reduced from diploid (2n) to haploid (n)?
Once telophase 1 of meiosis 1 is complete.
What is the goal of meiosis?
Meiosis’s goal is to produce gametes.
