Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM

Browse over 1 million classes created by top students, professors, publishers, and experts.


See full index

oral path 2, exam 1 > melanocytic lesions > Flashcards

melanocytic lesions Flashcards

1
Q

what is the dermatologic term for “freckles”?

A

Ephelis (ephelides)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

what is a Actinic Lentigo?

A

Common, harmless melanocytic lesions that appear on sun-exposed skin, usually the face and dorsum of the hands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

Actinic Lentigines are also called what?

A

“Age spots” or “liver spots”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

clinical characteristics of Actinic Lentigines:

A

Completely macular, often multiple

Unlike freckles, lentigines don’t wax and wane with sun exposure

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

_________ are common, harmless lesion that may be seen either on the lip or intraorally

A

Melanotic Macule

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

characteristics of Melanotic macules:

A

A) Tan to dark brown, uniformly pigmented, demarcated margins

B) No change with sun exposure

C) Could represent post-traumatic melanosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Microscopically, Melanotic macules shows no evidence of ______ cells or an increased numbers of ___________

A

no evidence of nevus cells or increased numbers of basilar melanocytes

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

in Melanotic Macules, which areas of the skin are melanin deposits elevated?

A

in the basal layer or within melanophages in the superficial connective tissue

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

what is the treatment for Melanotic Macules? Why should these lesions be microscopically examined?

A

Lesions on vermilion zone of lip are often excised for cosmetic purposes

Tissue should be submitted for microscopic examination

Intraoral lesions may need to be excised to rule out early melanoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

T/F: Acquired Melanocytic Nevi are extremely common lesions

A

true

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are Acquired Melanocytic Nevi also called?

A

moles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

how prevalent are Acquired Melanocytic Nevi? At what ages do they appear?

A

Average of 20/person in caucasians

May develop from the first year of life through the fourth decade

Often involute with aging

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

How are Acquired Melanocytic Nevi designated?

A

Designated as junctional, compound and intradermal, depending on where the collection of nevus cells is located microscopically

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

clinical characteristics of Junctional Nevi

A

the first stage

appear flat and usually are dark in color

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

A __________ nevus may evolve from a junctional nevus as the patient grows older

A

compound

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

clinical characteristics of a Compound nevus:

A

Proliferation of nevus occurs, with some of the nevus cells “dropping off” into the superficial connective tissue

May begin to show elevation clinically

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

With time, nevus cells may proliferate to the extent that they are completely contained within the dermal connective tissue, thus the term “________ nevus”

A

intradermal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

T/F: A intradermal nevus is elevated, with a dark pigmentation

A

FALSE

they are elevated, but many are normal skin color

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

how can a nevus be differentiated from carcinomas?

A

A nevus will have adnexal elements- they have hairs

carcinomas lack hair

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

where can melanocytic nevi be found in the oral cavity?

A

Usually located on the hard palate or attached gingiva, but potentially any site can be affected

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

Treatments for melanocytic nevi:

A

No treatment is absolutely necessary

Risk of malignant transformation to melanoma for an individual nevus is about 1 in one million

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

what clinical changes would signal the need for an excision biopsy of a Nevus?

A

Changes in a nevus or chronic irritation of a nevus would be reasons for excisional biopsy

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

how is a Congenital Melanocytic Nevus different from an Acquired one?

A

Congenital nevi are present at birth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

how are congenital melanocytic nevi classified?

A

Designated as “large” and “small”

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Q

what is the risk for malignancy in CONGENITAL melanocytic nevi?

A

1% for small congenital nevi

15% for large

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
26
Q

___________ Appear bluish or blue-gray due to the depth of the melanin pigment (Tyndall effect)

A

Blue Nevi

27
Q

what areas do Blue Nevi effect? at what age do they usually appear?

A
  • May affect any cutaneous or mucosal site

- Usually appear in the fourth decade of life

28
Q

Histological characteristics of Blue Nevi:

A

A) Microscopically shows a collection of dendritic melanocytes within the CONNECTIVE TISSUE

B) NO melanocytic atypia should be seen

29
Q

T/F: the reoccurrence rate of excised Blue nevi is relatively high

A

false

reoccurrence is rare

30
Q

what are 2 other names for LARGE congenital melanocytic nevi?

A

large congenital nevus is also known as “garment” nevus or “bathing trunk” nevus

  • due to the extensive involvement of the patient’s skin
31
Q

how large are blue nevi?

A

Less than one cm. in diameter

32
Q

T/F: the overlying epithelium of a Blue Nevi lesion is completely uninvolved

A

True

the blue nevi lesions are isolated to the connective tissue

33
Q

What is the prognosis/treatment/reoccurrence of blue nevi?

A

Treatment consists of simple excision
Prognosis is excellent
Recurrence is rare

34
Q

__________ are a Malignancy of melanocytic differentiation

A

Melanoma

35
Q

T/F: Melanomas are the 2nd most common form of skin cancer

A

FALSE

they are the 3rd most common

36
Q

Melanomas make up __% of all skin cancers, and account for ___% of death due to skin cancer

A

5% of skin cancers

65% of deaths due to skin cancer

37
Q

list the 3 most common skin cancers (in order of prevalence)

A

Basal cell = most common
Squamous cell = 2nd most common
Melanoma = 3rd most common

38
Q

T/F: there has been a 40% increase in the prevalence of Melanomas in the last decade

A

TRUE

40% increase between 2003 and 2015

39
Q

what population groups are at an elevated risk for developing melanomas?

A

Fair-skinned patient, 40-70 years of age

40
Q

risk factors for melanoma include what?

A

A) history of blistering sunburn early in life
B) Indoor occupation; outdoor recreation
C) Family history of melanoma
D) Personal history of melanoma

41
Q

what are the “ABCDE’s” of melanomas?

A 
Asymmetry
Border irregularity
Color variation
Diameter greater than 6 mm (size of a pencil eraser)
Evolving – enlarging or changing color
42
Q

T/F: Melanoma lesions will grow laterally in early stages, then grow into the deeper tissues later in the progression

A

True

43
Q

what is a Lentigo Maligna?

A

Essentially a melanoma in a purely radial growth phase

44
Q

who is at risk for developing a Lentigo Maligna? where do they usually occur?

A
  • Affects older individuals who have a fair complexion

- Develops on facial skin

45
Q

what are the clinical characteristics of a Lentigo Maligna?

A

A) Large macular lesion with irregular borders

B) uneven pigmentation

46
Q

Lentigo Malignas account for roughly __% of all melanomas

A

5%

47
Q

what physical change signals a change in a Lentigo Maligna has entered a VERTICAL growth phase?

A

Nodularity in previously flat lentigo

48
Q

T/F: most lentigo Malignas take 5 years before entering a vertical growth phase

A

FALSE

takes an average of 15 years

49
Q

Superficial Spreading Melanomas account for ___% of all melanomas

A

70% of melanomas

50
Q

where are Superficial Spreading Melanomas usually found?

A

Interscapular area of men; legs of women

15-20% in the head and neck region

51
Q

Nodular Melanoma make up ___% of all melanomas

A

15%

52
Q

what do Nodular Melanomas look like? where are they usually found?

A

Appear as a rapidly growing nodule

33% develop in the head and neck region

53
Q

T/F: Nodular melanomas can be amelanotic

A

True

some nodular melanomas don’t produce melanin

54
Q

What is a differential diagnosis for an amelanotic Nodular melanoma?

A

can resemble a pyogenic granuloma

55
Q

Nodular Melanomas will typically NOT grow in what direction?

A

Will NOT grow LATERALLY/radially

- usually grow vertically

56
Q

Acral Lentiginous Melanomas make up ___% of all melanomas

A

8%

57
Q

Acral Lentiginous Melanomas are the MOST COMMON melanoma in what population group?

A

Most common clinicopathologic type of melanoma in persons of color

58
Q

where are Acral Lentiginous Melanomas typically found? what is their appearance?

A
  • Affects palms, soles and oral mucosa

- Begins as a darkly pigmented macule with irregular borders and undergo shape change

59
Q

what is the most common INTRAORAL melanoma?

A

Acral Lentiginous Melanoma

60
Q

what type of biopsy is necessary in ALL cases of melanomas?

A

Sentinel node biopsy

even in absence of local metastasis

61
Q

the prognosis for a patient with a melanoma is dependent on what?

A

Depends on depth of invasion

62
Q

what is the prognosis for a melanoma that has invaded less than .75mm? how about .75-1.7 mm? larger than 1.7?

A

Up to 0.75 mm - 96% 10-year survival

  1. 76-1.69 mm - 89% 10-year survival
  2. 7-3.59 mm - 67% 10-year survival
63
Q

what is considered the “critical” invasion depth for a melanoma?

(in other words, after what depth does the risk of metastasis sharply rise?)

A

1 mm

oral path 2, exam 1 (5 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2024 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions